The district and division engineers and the Beach Erosion Board 

 concluded that the most suitable plan of preventing erosion eind 

 stabilizing the bluffs and shores of the study area consists of pro- 

 viding, by direct placement of sand fill, a protective beach with berm 

 elevation 10 feet above low water datura at the base of the bluff and 

 50-foot width at elevation 8 feet, to be maintained by periodic nourish- 

 ment of the ro5>terial in the northernmost mile of the =and fill area. 



They further concluded that protection of a 13,360-foot reach of 

 shore in the city of St. Joseph by placement of a protective beach is 

 justified by evaluated benefits. Accordingly they recommended adoption 

 of a project by the United States authorizing Federal participation in 

 the first and periodic nourishment costs of a plan for protection of 

 the shore of the City of St. Joseph, Michigan from Elm street to the 

 southern extremity of the State protective works, comprising direct 

 placement of suitable sand to form a protective beach with berm ele- 

 vation 10 feet above low water datum at the base of the bluff and 50 

 feet in width at elevation 8 feet. The plan contemplates periodic 

 nourishment commencing during the initial placement of the protective 

 beach. Federal assistance would entail contribution of funds in amount 

 of 22.6 percent of the initial construction costs of the protective 

 beach and of the costs of periodic nourishment for a period of 10 years 

 after the year of completion of the initial construction. The Board 

 further recommended that local interests consider direct placement of 

 a protective beach fill along the Shoreham village shore, based on their 

 own determination of its economic justification. The Chief of Engineers 

 concurred in the views and recommendations of the Beach Erosion Board. 



STATE GP CO^fNEC^ICU^ - THAMES RIVER TO NIANTIC BAY (AREA 10) 



Area 10 of the State of Connecticut study comprises the shores of 

 Long Island Sound in the southeastern part of Connecticut between New 

 London Harbor and Niantic Bay. It includes the shores of the city of 

 New London and the town of Water ford, a total shore frontage of about 

 8-1/2 miles. The city of New London occupies the west bank of the Thames 

 River at its mouth and about 2-1/4 miles of the shore of Long Island 

 Sound west of the river. This shore area is extensively developed for 

 year-round residential use. The permanent population of New London 

 and Waterford is about 40,000. There is little seasonal change in 

 population. The principal publicly cwned sections of the shore in the 

 study area are Ocean Beach in New London, cwned by the city, Harkness 

 Memorial State Park and the Seaside Sanatorium in Watesrford, both 

 State cwned. Long Island Sound is a tidal arm of the Atlantic Ocean. 

 Tides are semi-diurnal, the mean range increasing from 2.6 feet at New 

 London Harbor to 2.7 feet at Millstone Point, near the west limit of 

 the study area. The spring ranges are respectively 3.1 and 3.2 feet. 

 The maximum tide of record at New London was 11.1 feet above mean low 

 water or 8.5 feet above mean high water. Tides 3 feet or more above 

 mean high water occur about once a year. With a tidal stage of 3 feet 

 above mean high water, the maximum height of breakers landward of the 

 low water line is about 5 feet. Larger waves can reach the shore only 

 during infrequent higher tides. Ocean swells entering Long Island Sound 



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