fraction and number of species and abundance. Overall abundance and diversity of the 

 benthos were not adversely affected by beach replenishment. In response to an 

 unpredictable, changing environment (erosion-deposition), most of the resident biota are 

 short-lived, opportunistic species which are typically patchy in distribution both temporally 

 and spatially. Possible longer term effects upon longer Uved species, such as sand dollar 

 populations, were not determined. 



49. WEBB, J.W., and DODD, J.D., "Shorehne Plant Establishment and Use of a Wave- 



Stilhng Device," MR 78-1, U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering 

 Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Va., Jan. 1978, NTIS AD No. A053 285. 



The establishment and development of smooth cordgrass transplants on a 2-percent 

 slope behind a wave-stiUing device constructed of two tiers of tires strung on a cable were 

 monitored along the north shore of East Bay in Texas. Two previous plantings on the sloped 

 area, the first without wave protection and the second behind one tier of tires, were 

 unsuccessful. After a second tier of tires was placed on top of the original tier, enough 

 protection was provided from waves to allow successful planting. A 0.15-meter buildup of 

 sediment occurred directly behind the barrier. 



Smooth cordgrass survival was approximately 50 percent, and more than 100 stems per 

 meter squared were counted in some areas 1 year after planting. Density and height of 

 smooth cordgrass increased with increasing hours of inundation. Gulf cordgrass, marshhay 

 cordgrass, and saltgrass survived better than smootli cordgrass above mean high water 

 (MHW). At the highest elevation (0.6 meter above MHW), survival was limited, regardless of 

 species. Needlegrass rush transplants failed to survive in significant numbers. With adequate 

 wave protection, smooth cordgrass can be established below MHW in estuarine areas. Gulf 

 cordgrass, marshhay cordgrass, and saltgrass can be used above MHW for shoreUne 

 protection. 



50. WOODHOUSE, W.W., Jr., "Dune Building and Stabilization with Vegetation," SR-3, 



U.S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, 

 Va., Sept. 1978, GPO Stock No. 008-022-00124-7. 



This is the first comprehensive report on dune building and stabilization in the 

 contiguous United States. The practical information on methods and dune plants is the 

 result of more than 20 years of experimentation in coastal areas from the mouth of the 

 Columbia River in Oregon through southern California and the Gulf of Mexico to Cape Cod, 

 Massachusetts. The use of fences and vegetation for dune creation is discussed, and the labor 

 and material requirements for dune creation and sand stabilization projects are summarized. 

 The major plants suitable for dune building, their propagation and planting requirements, 

 and the stabilization of dunes by various means such as matting, fences, and vegetation, are 

 given for the major coastal regions of the contiguous United States. The techniques 

 discussed are now appUcable to these coastal regions. 



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