Another very useful filter in beach photography is the polarizing 

 screen which, when properly orientated, blocks the polarized light 

 reflected from surfaces in the picture. In general, pictures will have 

 better definition and more even lighting can be obtained with a polar- 

 izing screen. In using the polarizing screen the manufacturer's 

 recommendations and instructions should always be followed and it should 

 be remembered that the polarizing screen has an absorption factor which 

 must be considered. IVhen using color film, the K-2, G, and A filters 

 should never be used; however, the polarizing screen should be used to 

 produce pictures with better definition and deeper, richer color on 

 sunny days. 



Focusing . When taking pictures of a general beach or objects on 

 the beach which are at a moderate-to-far distance from the camera, that 

 is, 20 feet or farther from the camera, it is better to focus the lens 

 at a distance of 30 feet than at infinity. This moves the field of the 

 lens which is in focus closer to the Ccunera and makes objects in the 

 foreground clearer while it does not significantly detract from objects 

 in the distance because they are usually too small to be seen clearly. 

 This is illustrated in Figure 5. Here, the picture on the left was 

 made with the lens focused at 30 feet and almost all of the foreground 

 is in focus. In the picture on the right, the lens was focused at 

 infinity and, while the background is a little sharper than the one on 

 the other figure, the foreground is noticeably out of focus. The post 

 in the figure is about 20 feet along the axis of the groin from the 

 camera lens. 



Panorama Exposures . Panorama exposures are excellent for showing 

 structures or large areas that are too large to be photographed in a 

 single picture. This often happens when the physical limitations 

 of the area being photographed will not allow the photographer to 

 stand far enough from the subject to get the entire subject in, or 

 when standing fair enough from the subject would produce subject images 

 too small to show required detail. Panoramas are made by taking con- 

 secutive pictures from the same spot swinging the camera in the same 

 general horizontal plane and allowing a small overlap to permit match- 

 ing of the images. 



Examples of panorama photographs are shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8. 

 Figure 6 is a two-exposure panorama showing the conditions seaward and 

 landward of the crest of a dune. Figure 7 is a panorama used to show 

 the foreground width of a beach. Included on the figure are suggested 

 guides or aids which can be used to make the beach width more apparent. 

 Figure 8 is a three-exposure panorama of a groin which can be used in 

 conjunction with a "down axis" photograph such as shown in Figure 5, 

 to give very good coverage of the construction details of a structure. 



10 



