ANTARCTIC ADVENTURE AND RESEARCH 



traversed by Gerlache in 1898. Charcot was able to 

 reach more southern latitudes so that he discovered 

 Charcot Land in latitude 70° S. and longitude JJ° W. 

 He proceeded to the v^est, passed Peter Island, and 

 reached longitude 120° W., where he was well south 

 of latitude 70° S., and only about seven hundred miles 

 from Edward VII Land. From the shallow sound- 

 ings, Charcot was sure that land lay not far to the 

 south along much of his cruise (see Figure 4). 



Shackleton's First Expedition, igoy-igoS. — No man 

 has done more to decipher the secrets of the South Pole 

 than Ernest Shackleton. Of his four voyages the first 

 under Captain Scott has been described. His second 

 voyage was by far the most important. His expedi- 

 tion was financed privately and set sail in the "Nim- 

 rod." Murray, a biologist, and Priestley, a geologist, 

 came from England with Shackleton. They were later 

 joined by two eminent scientists, Edgeworth David and 

 Douglas Mawson, from Australia. Adams, Marshall, 

 and Wild were other notable members. Shackleton, 

 like Scott, had no belief in dogs, but he made a new 

 departure in southern exploration by taking eight Man- 

 churian ponies to Antarctica. They left New Zealand 

 on New Year's Day, 1908, and to save coal his ship 

 was towed to 66° S. by a steamer. 



Shackleton had hoped to build his hut at Edward 

 VII Land, but he was unable to find a suitable site, 

 and like Scott he turned to the west and made his 

 winter quarters at Cape Royds, on Ross Island, about 

 fourteen miles north of Scott's hut of 1902-3. The 

 first exploit was to climb Mount Erebus, which tow- 



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