Surveys were initially intended to be conducted every 2 weeks and after 

 significant storms. However, an examination of the initial surveys showed 

 that the engineering significance generally associated with beach changes in a 

 2-week, period was of limited value. Therefore, the interval between regularly 

 scheduled surveys was extended to 1 month or even longer during the summer. 



3. Field Survey Technique. 



The general data collection procedure consisted of setting up a surveyor's 

 level at or near a previously established point of known elevation or "bench 

 mark," usually located on the seaward side of the Boardwalk (Figs. 22 and 

 23). Then, using a tape and Philadelphia rod, readings were taken along each 

 profile line at approximately every 15 meters or at breaks in slope. Profile 

 alinement was maintained by sighting on preestablished predominant landmarks 

 such as telephone poles or buildings along the Boardwalk. Horizontal dis- 

 tances were recorded to the nearest 0.3 meter and elevations to the nearest 

 0.03 meter, except when hand leveling was used. 



Figure 22. Surveying crew setting up for another reading (16 January 1968) 



When the Philadelphia rod reached an elevation where it was out of view 

 through the level, the general procedure was to hand level down to the surf 

 with the rodman wading out as far as possible. Occasionally, the rod was 

 "boosted" (or raised) a known distance to the top of the rodman's boot or belt 

 to obtain the last point without hand leveling. Turning points were also 

 used; however, before 1972 the leveling was not closed back to either the 

 turning points or to the starting bench mark, so the reliability of the turn- 

 ing points could not be determined. 



The surveying party consisted of a six-man hydrographic surveying crew 

 from the Philadelphia District, except for a period in 1963 and 1964 when a 

 private firm was contracted to do the work. The six-man crew either worked as 



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