Further information on the MSL shoreline changes and the above MSL unit 

 volume changes through time by profile line is provided in Appendixes D and E, 

 which are large-scale figures by profile of Figures 44 and 33, respectively. 



V. DISCUSSION 



1. Profile Changes. 



In a study by the Beach Erosion Board (1950), various shoreline positions 

 from 1841 to 1947 were compared to determine a trend in shoreline advance and 

 retreat along the beaches at Atlantic City. It was found that considerable 

 shoreline retreat occurred at the inlet entrance from 1841 to 1936. After 

 1936 the inlet shoreline remained reasonably stable due to the installation of 

 protective structures such as bulkheads and groins. The greatest natural 

 change at the inlet entrance from 1936 to 1947 was a progressive lowering of 

 the beach. 



The ocean shoreline beginning 300 meters northeast of Garden Pier and 

 extending 1.2 kilometers southwest to Central Pier receded between 1936 and 

 1947 with a greatly accelerating rate after 1939 (Fig. 48). After the place- 

 ment of a beach fill in 1948, from July 1948 to August 1960, the shoreline 

 between the Oriental Avenue jetty and New Hampshire Avenue experienced pro- 

 gression ranging from a maximum of about 52 meters at the jetty to about 6 

 meters at New Hampshire Avenue. During this same period the shoreline between 

 New Hampshire Avenue and Steel Pier receded, with few exceptions, from a maxi- 

 mum of about 40 meters between Vermont and Rhode Island Avenues to a maximum 

 of 3 meters in the region east of Steel Pier. The recession between Vermont 

 and Rhode Island Avenues duplicated the shoreline position of 1936 (Fig. 48). 



Surveys in July and October 1948, February and May 1949, January 1950, 

 December 1958, August 1959 and 1960, and March 1962 provide detailed profile 

 data for the area between the Oriental Avenue jetty and Steel Pier (U.S. 

 Congress, 1964b). There are no indications, from the previous data, of any 

 definite quantitative trends in volumetric changes along this reach extending 

 from the Boardwalk to approximately 1.8 meters below MLW. Likewise, for the 

 11-year BEP study, there appears to be no clearly defined trend in volumetric 

 changes throughout the seven selected profiles. The two most significant 

 events are the 1963 and 1970 beach fills and the natural transport of that 

 material downdrift, as shown in Figure 33. 



Figure 49 depicts four sets of profiles of the beach and offshore regions 

 from January 1936 to February 1948 (before the 1948 beach fill). These pro- 

 files indicate that relative stability increases with distance southwest from 

 the Oriental Avenue jetty and Absecon Inlet. 



Profile envelopes for each profile line throughout the study period (App. 



F) depict the entire range of maximum and minimum elevations surveyed at given 



distances along the profile line and do not appear to indicate any clear trend 

 to greater stability from profile line 1 to profile line 7. 



48 



