Atlantic City, and Ludlam Island), according to techniques described by 
Czerniak (1973). 
Scheduled monthly surveys for December had been made at all seven 
localities within 16 days preceding the storm, and poststorm surveys were 
made at all but Misquamicut within 48 hours of the storm passage. The 
before-and-after survey dates for the seven localities are shown in Table 
A. 
Table 1. Before-and-after BEP survey dates of the 17 December 1970 stora. 
December 
EE Eh SP ES 2 z 
The environmental factors characterizing each locality are summarized 
in Table 2. Generally, the shores change from low barrier beaches in 
southern New Jersey to steep, cliffed shorelines on Cape Cod. These shore 
changes accompany increases in mean slope and mean sand size in the same 
south-to-north direction. This reflects the glacial origin of the coarser 
sediment on Cape Cod, Rhode Island, and the Long Island beaches, in con- 
trast to the local, reworked material on the New Jersey beaches. 
Locality 
Cape Cod 
Misquamicut 
Westhampton 
Jones Beach 
Long Beach 
Atlantic City 
=zwmworwn 
Ludlam Island 
2. Beach Characteristics. 
The mean shoreline orientation ranges over 90°. The beaches on Cape 
Cod face the east-northeast; those on Rhode Island and Long Island face 
the south-southeast. Misquamicut Beach is partially sheltered by Block 
Island and, similar to the Long Island beaches, is sheltered from north- 
easterly winds by its orientation. The three New Jersey beaches face the 
southeast, with Atlantic City facing more EOucrd the south than Long Beach 
Island or Ludlam Island. 
3 Datancollections 
The 91 surveyed profile lines were located at previously established 
bench marks with known elevations. The landward end of the profile lines 
terminated most frequently in dunes or on boardwalks in developed areas 
or on cliffs, such as at Cape Cod. In the seaward direction, the surveys 
were intended to reach -2 feet MSL, but because of high water they did not 
always reach that far. Distance and elevation were determined by tape and 
level techniques, except for the New York District surveys where stadia 
18 
