established at approximately 1.5-kilometer intervals in 1962. Profile 

 lines 12 to 20 were established in 1972 and located within and just up- 

 drift of the two easternmost groin compartments. These profile lines 

 were spaced at an average interval of 92 meters. In 1974, concrete 

 monuments with standard brass Corps of Engineers' discs were placed on 

 each profile line. Each monument was referenced horizontally to the 

 State plane coordinate system (Long Island Lambert) and vertically to a 

 local MLW datum (approximately 0.43 meter below mean tide level) estab- 

 lished by the New York District. Monument documentation is given in 

 Appendix A. 



Profile surveys were collected by professional surveyors from the 

 New York District, using the transit and stadia method (Fig. 5). Surveys 

 were conducted along the established profile lines, starting in the vicin- 

 ity of the primary dune crest and continuing as far seaward as a rodman 

 could safely wade. At low tide, when surveys were usually scheduled, the 

 profiles generally crossed the MLW datum. Onshore winds or high waves 

 occasionally kept the rodman from reaching the MSL elevation. Occasion- 

 ally, an amphibious vehicle (LARC V) was used to carry the rodman along 

 the seaward part of the profile line (Fig. 6). 



Only one instrument setup per profile was usually made. If, at the 

 seaward end of the profile, the stadia rod was too low to be sighted when 

 leveling, the rodman often used the "booting" method to get the needed 

 elevation by placing the bottom of the rod at a premeasured elevation 

 (such as the rodman 's boot top or belt), which would bring the top of 

 the rod back into the level line-of-sight. 



The surveyed points defining the profile were recorded to the nearest 

 0.1 foot (0.03 meter) in distance and to the nearest 0.01 foot (0.003 

 meter) in elevation. For analysis purposes, these values were reported 

 to the nearest 1.0 foot (0.3 meter) for distance and 0.03 meter for 

 elevation. Points were surveyed approximately every 8 to 15 meters 

 and at every visible change in slope. 



The data obtained during the 1962-68 period were recorded in standard 

 surveyor's field notebooks and plotted at a scale of 1:60 vertical and 

 1:600 horizontal. The 1969 to 1973 data were transcribed from the field 

 notebooks to optical scanner forms. 



The frequency of surveys ranged from weekly to quarterly, but they 

 were generally done on a near-monthly schedule (Fig. 7) . During each of 

 the winters of 1967-68, 1968-69, and 1969-70, a series of 10 weekly sur- 

 veys was made on profile lines 1 to 11. An attempt was also made to sur- 

 vey all lines immediately after significant coastal storms. 



During the winter months of 1968 to 1974, rows of pipes were jetted 

 into the sand at surveyed points along profile lines 4 and 8. Weekly 

 sand level measurements were made by volunteer observers as a supplement 

 to the instrument surveys. This project and an analysis of the first 

 season's data are discussed in Urban and Galvin (1969). 



