34 



HYDROGRAPHIC MANUAL 



2-40 Photographs. — Photographs of field 

 activities, personnel, and equipment, particu- 

 larly when they illustrate actual field opera- 

 tions, are of considerable value. Chiefs of 

 Party are directed to have such photographs 

 taken whenever practicable and forwarded 

 to the Washington Office. Photographs are 

 particularly needed illustrating new equip- 

 ment, new types of apparatus, and new tech- 

 niques of field operations. 

 . Negatives are preferable to prints since 

 they afford better reproduction. Personal 

 negatives may be forwarded to be copied 

 and returned to the owner. Photographs 

 should be comparatively large or be taken 

 with a camera that will permit subsequent 

 enlargement. An effort should be made to 

 obtain sharp, distinct outlines and decided 

 contrasts. 



Photographs intended for illustrations in 

 Coast Pilots should be taken from a position 

 where the view would likely be most useful 

 to the mariner. In a region where the coast 

 may be closely approached with safety, photo- 

 graphs of distinctive features which may be 

 identified during low visibility are especially 

 useful. The title of such a photograph must 

 always include a statement of the distance 

 to the feature and the direction towards 

 which the camera was pointed. 



The negatives or duplicate prints of illus- 

 trations for a season's or special report 

 should be submitted separately so that the 

 report will not be mutilated by removing the 

 photographs for registration and filing. 



A photograph may be useless unless it is 

 accompanied by descriptive and historical 

 data. Each photograph, or group of photo- 

 graphs of the same subject, should be accom- 

 panied by Form 792, Letters Transmitting 

 Photographs, with all necessary information 

 entered on the form. 



2-41 Report on geographic names. — 



When practicable, the field party should sub- 

 mit a special report on geographic names to 

 cover the project area. Names already charted 

 should be verified and not merely copied 

 from charts or maps of the area. Inhabitants 

 should be consulted to determine geographic 

 names in local use. When a feature is known 



locally by a name which differs from the 

 charted name, the report should include both 

 names with the history of each and a recom- 

 mendation as to which name should be 

 charted. 



The hydrographic survey should be the 

 authority for all geographic names seaward 

 from the high-water line, including the 

 names of all water features such as channels, 

 sloughs, rivers, inlets ; and those of the reefs, 

 rocks, banks, and shoals therein; and all 

 small islands and geographic features there- 

 on. Only a few geographic names on the 

 mainland need be included on the smooth 

 sheet and these principally for reference 

 purposes. 



Topographic surveys, planetable and air 

 photographic, should be the authority for 

 all geographic names inshore from the high- 

 water line, including the names of all land 

 features ; and in addition the names of lakes, 

 small streams, rivers, and sloughs which are 

 not sounded during the hydrographic 

 surveys. 



It is particularly important that geo- 

 graphic names on the charts be correct as 

 to name, but also as to spelling and applica- 

 tion. Names should not be inked on hydro- 

 graphic or topographic survey sheets by the 

 field party. They should be lettered in pencil 

 and should refer unmistakably to the features 

 named. Only after verification in the Wash- 

 ington Office will they be inked. 



For further information on geographic 

 name investigations see Chapter 7, Sections 

 14 to 17, inclusive. 



2-42 List of geographic names in 

 descriptive report. — In addition to any other 

 report or reports on geographic names, each 

 descriptive report shall contain an alpha- 

 betical list of all of the geographic names 

 lettered in pencil on the sheet when for- 

 warded to the Washington Office (see 7-7). 

 If a special report covering all of these 

 names has been or will be submitted, the 

 information should not be duplicated in the 

 descriptive report, but the latter should con- 

 tain a reference to the special report if new 

 facts have been discovered relative to any 



