5. HYDROGRAPHY 



151 



PERSONNEL 



/<'■ C. B. 



Control r ie rd i ot Shcran.-* 



lnPh:»»|. k'. C. SrnUjn Ploller 



Ship Ope. A/. /?■ CrnUJei J/ RecorOe. A ■ C. M///&fr7S 

 Sla EiaSlf Oper CoX Al Echo Sdr /?■ A/(>JSOn . 



sta Bt2.-s& Ope. S^ronff 

 Clock No /syy- 



At Brush Rec, 

 . Correction 



Figure 57. — Personnel stamp for electronic con- 

 trolled hydrogrraphy. 



leadline is used, it shall also be compared 

 with a standard and the results recorded 

 (see 3-65). 



It is the recorder's duty to see that the 

 data are obtained and recorded in the various 

 standard rubber stamps at the beginning and 

 ending of each day's hydrography. 



5-55 Echo sounder operator. — The duties 

 of recorder and echo sounder operator may 

 occasionally be combined in ship hydrog- 

 raphy when sounding in deep water and the 

 intervals between soundings or positions are 

 not too short. Better results are obtained 

 when the echo sounder operator has no other 

 duties, and these duties shall not be combined 

 in launch hydrography. 



The echo sounder operator must be fa- 

 miliar with the minor adjustments to the 

 sounder and be able to recognize faulty op- 

 eration of the equipment. On portable sound- 

 ers he shall maintain the initial setting at 

 its correct position, continuously watch the 

 frequency meter or tachometer and make 

 any adjustments required to maintain cor- 

 rect motor speed. Adjustment of the initial 

 setting on the EDO-185 shall be made by a 

 qualified technician. 



While hydrography is in progress the op- 

 erator shall call out the sounding at the 

 specified sounding interval and in addition 

 shall report the soundings on peaks or in 

 valleys which fall between the regular sound- 

 ings. When the depth decreases rapidly to a 

 point where danger of grounding seems evi- 

 dent, he shall report the fact to the officer- 

 in-charge. 



At each fixed position on the sounding 

 line, the operator shall scribe a fix mark on 

 the fathogram and number it for identifica- 

 tion. Position numbers shall be verified by 



comparison with the sounding record and 

 the boat sheet at frequent intervals. 



Fathograms for portable echo sounders 

 provide a printed overlap of successive scales 

 or phases. As depth increases or decreases, 

 the operator should make appropriate 

 changes of scale about midway in the over- 

 lap of the scales and report the change to 

 the recorder. The scale being used shall be 

 marked on the fathogram except when the 

 first phase is used. When sounding on any 

 scale other than the first, the sounder should 

 be turned back to the first scale at conven- 

 ient times to check the initial setting. 



5-56 Coxswain. — The helmsman on a 

 ship or the coxswain on a launch steers the 

 vessel in accordance with orders from the 

 oflficer-in-charge or from the Shoran ob- 

 server. If the launch controls are in the 

 cockpit, the launch engineer may perform 

 the duties of coxswain. In addition to steer- 

 ing the prescribed courses the coxswain acts 

 as a lookout when he can do so. 



When visual fix control is used, the cox- 

 swain should be trained to keep the launch 

 on a range and to select new ranges for 

 steering on adjacent lines. 



5-57 Rotation of personnel. — Each opera- 

 tion in hydrographic surveying requires 

 some training and aptitude. Some of these 

 operations are often monotonous and may 

 produce eye-strain or other types of fatigue 

 if continued over a long period without re- 

 lief. It is advisable that each member of 

 the party be trained to perform at least two 

 of the survey operations, more if possible. 

 Rotation from one job to another during the 

 day will create more interest in the work and 

 reduce the strain and discomfort of contin- 

 uous repetition of the same operation. There 

 may be some loss of efficiency during the 

 training period, but the results are well 

 worth the effort. The program will also pro- 

 vide trained replacements in the event of 

 sickness or separation of personnel (see 2- 

 18). 



5-58 Beginning the survey. — When the 

 control has been established, the boat sheet 

 prepared and all necessary data plotted 



