The Audubon Societies 



367 



only in the most northern or southern parts of this zone; while others are 

 entirely absent from large tracts, or may be successfully transplanted from 

 one tract to another. Alfalfa, for example, is not native to New England, but 

 it may be grown there, although not so many crops of it a season can be raised 

 as in warmer climates. 



The animals and wild plants of these faunal areas differ quite as widely, 

 as the cereals, fruits and crops, as shown below : 



Alleghanian 



Chestnut 



Butternut 



Walnut 



Oak 



Hickory 



Beech 



Birch 



Hemlock 



Sugar Maple 



Southern Mole 



Cotton-tail Rabbit 



Northern Star-nosed Mole 



Brewer's Mole 



Varying Hare 



Bob-white 



Baltimore Oriole 



Bobolink 



Towhee 



Solitary Vireo 



Catbird 



Brown Thrasher 



Wood Thrush 



Hermit Thrush 



Wilson's Thrush 



Bluebird 



Western Arid 



Sage Brush 



Yellow Pine 



Creeping Barberry 



Redroot 



Scarlet Gilia 



Sage Hen 



Sharp-tailed Grouse 



Green-tailed Towhee 



White-tailed Jack Rabbit 



Pallid Voles 



Lewis Ground Squirrel 



Clark Ground Squirrel 



Richardson's Spermophile 



Pacific Coast Humid 



Douglas Fir 

 Paciiic Cedar 

 Western Hemlock 

 Sitka Spruce 

 Broad-leaved Maples 

 Tree Alders 

 Madronas 

 Western Dogwoods 

 Salal 



Thimble-berry 

 Salmon-berry 

 Dark Great Horned Owl 

 Dark Spotted Owl 

 Dark Screech Owl 

 Dark Pygmy Owl 

 Sooty Grouse 

 Oregon Ruffed Grouse 

 Steller Jay 



Chestnut-backed Chickadee 

 Pacific Winter Wren 

 Columbia Black-tail Deer 

 Western Raccoon 

 Oregon Spotted Skunk 

 Douglas Red Squirrel 

 Townsend's Chipmunk 

 Tailless Sewellel 

 Peculiar Species of Pocket 

 Gophers and Voles 



In the northwestern part of the Alleghanian or transition zone, the annual 

 rainfall is 100 inches, and this condition of great humidity makes many species 

 of birds much darker colored in plumage than in areas which are less wet. 

 Farther south, the annual rainfall is not more than fifty to sixty inches, 

 while in Oregon it drops to less than thirty inches. 



The climate is very equable, extremes of heat and cold do not occur, and 

 consequently, with the long summers and mild winters, many northern and 

 southern forms thrive here, unlike the eastern Alleghanian area, where severe 

 frosts in spring and fall, short summers and long, hard winters make the rais- 

 ing of certain crops impossible or unprofitable. 



Study carefully the differences in the forms of life tabulated above, and 

 compare them with those which will be given in the next exercise. 



The Chickadee is a characteristic resident of the Alleghanian and 

 Canadian faunas, while the Willow Ptarmigan belongs to cold tem- 

 perate and arctic faunas, breeding in the far north and coming south in 



