^■Is^O <s3(^^:>T*~<- o>.-«»t«-^ </>- -i^^.^'{X~' ■J^^f^-^/^'^-^ A-./'^ <£.cji } 4^^ t^'^Jt.d^ 



^. ^ oa,.rz_^ fr-^- f ^-^-^; ^- A-^ .:.^^ ^s:^ 



/- ------ - k/. systematic synopsis ■ ^"^ 



jNTORTII 



7' 



.VALERICAX BIEDS; 



r 



Subclass I, AVES AEREll, or INSESSORES. 



k^ 



AKIUA!. Ill 1-1 IS. ../■ TKnCllK\tS. 

 Tin. lirsi nii.l hicrliosl one ol' tliivo primary ilivisioiis of the classj .Iccs, oiiibrac- 

 ino all .'Nistiim- Inr.ls .Iowa to the r,V///».r. 



Tlio kner ::iul i.::il 01' Iho tlii.uli :ivc (Vol- from the lioily, aiul tlie leg' is almost. 



ahvay- Icatluie.l to <•!■ boyoo'l Uio tibio-larsal joint. Witli rare exceptions, tlie 



toes ;ii-e all on tlie same knel, raul touch tliu support throughout; being thus fitted 



for grasping or jjc.r/cii;/. In ■■"tlior respects tlio members' of this great group are too 



^-JijjuJi ^■•i'''0"-* 'o ''^' (Ictii.ed by external characters, unless it be negatively, in the absence 



"^^ 0f~thT\ r,\ituros of the other twxkl'hcy arc Allrkcs. Tliey arc now usually divided 



'^~^~^- SfnA^i^ /I 



into ./;.■■ Orders. ..f whi.-li tlio lir-l is the / ' 



Order PASSEEES. | Percliers Proper. 



The r.Tl .-in- peilV.-lly .-.dapled for gras;)ing by the length and low insertion of 

 the hind loe. great power of opposing which to the front toes, and great mobility 

 of which, are secured by separation of its principal muscle from that that bends 

 the other ti.es eullectively. TJie hind toe is always present, and never turned for- 



-\o.i;i 01- til.- |,i.-,in M>-x;c:in Boimitarv; iiicl'iiv.- ol Lovci C :-!il..viii.. . oMliiho .>t litxya^m^-- 



tA^o.uim..u)> ..v.ivcl.uit'M.ul ,....-11: iu^, !,...>-..:, 1:- I.. ■• 1 '. :,-,-.-vlnl,-oil.#^;ll».>ta^. 



zokbir.i. r,),i,h ,,r..:.,i.:., .ii.iii, n pi, -. 1 ■ ,■,;■_, .,,ii, ..iUK-l.igli autlioviiic* 



\i-ti,," 1".,',;. n'l,, n\ ,,,,■: . •, ,..,'- ; "' ■ , ■ . 'u \s:ii.'i. ;iic -U-rnum lia-^ no 



/, .| ,1 1 ■,■..■■ ill ' l! l.i . - IMI' L'l '- i.'Ui 1 ^^ 1 ; I r. |ii.--.'nL .'l Sr01ll> of le^^ 





then .liv . 

 keel. .in. I 



V.-llll. 111. 





A 



Reproduction (slightly reduced) of Dr. Coues' proof of page 69 of the first (1872) 

 edition of his 'Key to North American Birds.' From the original in the possession of 

 Dr. J. A. Allen. 



(28) 



