1 82 Bird - Lore 



and theories of the writer; but it is nearly certain that any one faithfully 

 following their lead will stumble on clues which, properly followed, will 

 guide him to new ideas and unexpected light. Such has ever been the 

 experience of those who have blindly but earnestly groped after the truth. 



THE STUDY OUTLINE 



1. Spring Migration. — Give earliest appearance, etc. ; state whether in 

 flocks or singly, the species by itself or associated with congeners or wholly 

 different species, males in advance or both sexes together, by day or by 

 night ; crossing a lake or skirting its shores ; flying high or low. Record 

 in full the weather at the time of observation, also date, locality, moon, 

 etc. Does the bird hide or return southward during the late spring storms? 



2. Habitat. — Is it found in dry uplands, dense forests or marshes, or 

 does it manifest a preference for the vicinity of water, or especially of run- 

 ning water? Can any reason be assigned for its choice of locality? 



3. Voice of the Male. — Song and variations of the same ; height from 

 ground when singing ; time of day ; alarm notes, song periods, song flight, 

 song by night ; influence of the weather. 



4. Voice of the Female. — Song, if any, and full particulars, as above. 



5. Voice of the Young. — Has the young in first plumage a song charac- 

 teristic of that period, as have some other species, and does this song 

 resemble that of others of the genus in corresponding plumage ? 



6. Care of Young. — What devices do the parents use to protect the 

 young ? 



7. Habits. — What'are its peculiar tricks of attitude, motion and expres- 

 sion ? Does it hop or run ? Is its flight ever undulatory, like that of many 

 of its relatives ? Is it nocturnal or aquatic at all ? Does it ever wade for 

 food, swim or dive to escape its enemies ? Does it indulge in any sort 

 of play, especially in a social way ? Does it enter holes or burrows'? How 

 is it affected by loud sounds ? 



8. Cooperation. — Do two or more individuals, mates or otherwise, ever 

 unite to do something beyond the strength of one, as catch prey, break 

 down stalks, move nesting material, resist an intruder? 



9. Mimicry. — Do they mimic songs of other birds or other sounds? Do 

 they ever imitate birds of prey, to drive away intruders ? 



10. Signals. — Can they distinguish the danger signals of other birds ? 

 What signals do they use besides vocal sounds ? Do they tap with the 

 beaks, wings or feet, or slap the water as a signal ? Have they special 

 night signals ? How do they communicate with each other generally, by 

 sounds or signs ? Have they recognition signals ? 



11. Senses. — Is their power of smell noticeable? Do they rely on their 

 eyes most ? 



