some of the complex problems concerning the structure and sedimentology of 

 the Continental Shelf. 



Manpower is another facet of the problem. This type of program should 

 cause a number of geologists and engineers to become involved in the marine 

 area of study and they will be needed. The number of trained petrologis ts , 

 micropaleontologists , and scientists in associated disciplines, working in 

 the marine sciences at present are unable to cope with the number of samples 

 being procured. However, the advent of long, undisturbed cores taken on the 

 shelf and the deep ocean should bring additional, badly needed manpower into 

 the discipline. The long cores make possible studies concerning environ- 

 mental cycles and other cyclical phenomena. 



Much of our shelf work cannot be separated from deep ocean studies. In 

 many instances the work is done by the same people who either extend their 

 deep ocean work onto the shelf or who, while near a given location, devote 

 some time to a shelf study. Work being done by Scripps Institution is an 

 example of the former and the University of Miami does the latter. 



A number of inquiries have been made by smaller institutions who are 

 interested in working in the marine sciences. Inasmuch as the larger in- 

 stitutions work extensively in deep water, it would be well for the new, 

 smaller institutions to consider the Continental Shelves, shore lines and 

 estuaries. Studies concerning sediment transportation, flushing of estu- 

 aries, tidal currents, biology of the shallow-water fauna and flora should 

 prove most rewarding. This should be an area in which these institutions 

 can make a major contribution. 



DISCUSSION 



Question: Who will own the long cores and where will they be stored? 



Answer: This operation is being conducted by Joint Oceanographic Institu- 

 tions Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES) through the Lamont Geological Observatory, 

 a member institution. One-half of the cores will be stored at the University 

 of Miami and the other half will be sent to the Smithsonian Institution. 



Question: On what basis does NSF support research by foreign agencies - 

 I thought all money went to national institutions? 



Answer: There are NSF grants in Chile, Nigeria, Congo, Peru, Brazil, 

 Equador, Scotland, Canada, Japan, and Israel. The method is somewhat dif- 

 ferent from normal grants. One such method involved the existence of an 

 international agreement. Another is to fund important scientific programs 

 when no American organization is interested in doing the work or none is 

 available to do it. An example of the latter case involves a second grant 

 in Israel which concerns a computer study of the real oceans. The physical 

 oceanographers agreed that a more satisfactory model had to be achieved and 

 so the work was justified. 



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