iv CONTENTS. 



CHAP. PAOB 



\I. Thtjringia and the Harz (Hesse-Cassel, Thuringia, Ekfurt, Southlkn Hanover, and 



Bk( nsvvick) ............... 251 



General Aspects, Mountains, and Rivers, p. 251. Inhabitants, p. 258. Towns, p. 260. 



VII. The Plains of the Elbe and Weser, and the Shorks of the North Sea (Lower 



Westphalia, Hanover, Oldenburg, Lowbr Buunswick) 269 



General Aspects ; Bogs and Heaths, p. 269. The Littoral Eegion, p. 274. Inhabitants, 

 p. 279. 

 Towns.— The Basin of the Lippe (Westphalia), p. 281. The Basin of the Ems, p. 281. The 

 Basin of the Jade, p. 282. The Basin of the Lower Weser, p. 283. The Basin of the Elbe, 

 p. 288. 



VIII. The Basin of the Middle Elbe (Saxony) 290 



General Aspects, p. 290. Inhabitants, p. 292. Towns, p. 293. 



IX. The Plains of the Elbe, Oder, and Vistula (Old Prussia, Anhalt, Lauenbukg, 



Hamburg, Ldbeck, Mecklenburg, and Prussian Poland) 300 



General Aspects ; Hills and Plains, p. 300. Lakes and Peat Bogs, p. 303. Eivers and 

 Lagoons, p. 305. Amber, p. 311. Inhabitants, p. 315. 

 Towns. — Prussian Saxony and Anhalt, p. 319. Brandenburg, p. 323. Hamburg, p. 329. 

 LUbeck, Mecklenburg, and Northern Pomerauia, p. 332. Prussian Silesia, 335. The 

 Basin of the Oder to the North of Silesia, p. 3ù9. Eastern Pomerania, p. 343. Prussia to 

 the East of the Basin of the Vistula, p. 346. 



X. The Cimbrian Peninsula (Schleswig-Holstein) 349 



General Aspects, p. 349. Inhabitants, p. 352. Towns, p. 353. 



XL General Statistics . 357 



Population, p. 357. Agriculture, p. 358. Mining, p. 361. Industry, p. 362. Commerce, 

 p. 363. Education, p. 365. 



XII. Government and Administration ........... 367 



Central Authorities, p. 367. State Governments, p. 369; local Government, p. 369; 

 Rehgion and Education, p. 371. Courts of Justice, p. 372. Army and Navy, p. 372. 

 Finances, p. 373. 

 Tabular View of the States composing the German Empire, p. 375. 



BELGIUM. 



I. General Features; Hills, Plains, and Rivers; Climate 377 



The Ardennes, p. 377. The Loam Lrmds of Central Belgium, p. 379. The Campine, p. 380. 

 Flanders, p. 382. Polders and Dunes, 382. Rivers, p. 383. Climate, p. 390. 



II. Fauna, Floua, and- Inhabitants 392 



Animals, p. 392. Cave Dwellings, p. 393. Wallons, p. 395. Flemings, p. 396. 



III. Municipal Institutions ; Towns ............ 399 



Origin of Municipalities, p 399. Towns in the Basin of the Meuse, p. 403. The Basin 

 of the Schelde, p. 410. The Western Maritime Region, p. 425. 



IV. Statistics of Belgium 429 



Population, p. 429. Agriculture, p. 431. Mining and Industry, p. 434. Commerce, 

 p. 436. Education, p. 439. 



V. Government and Administration 442 



Local Authorities, p. 442. Central Government, p. 443. School and Chiu'ch, p. 443. 

 Army, p. 444. 

 Tabular Statement of Area and Population, ]). 446. 



THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBURG 447 



THE NETHERLANDS. 



I. General Features ; Hills ; Bogs 450 



II. Hydrography ; Climate ............. 455 



Rivers, p. 455. Irruptions of the Sea. p. 457. Subsidence of the Land, p. 460. Dunes, 

 p. 462. Dykes, p. 463. Polders, p. 467. Climate, p. 470. 



III. Inhabitants .......... ...... 471 



Animals, p. 471. Prehistoric Man, p. 471. Frieslanders, p. 471. Saxons, p. 473. Hol- 

 landers, p. 473. 



IV. Topography ................ 475 



Limburg, p. 475. North Brabant, 475. Zealand, p. 475. South Holland, p. 477. North 

 Holland, p. 480. Utrecht, p. 485. Gelderland, p. 486. Overyssel, p. 487. Drenthe, 

 Friesland, GriJningcn, p. 487. 



V. Statistics of the Netherlands ............ 488 



Population, p. 488. Agriculture, p. 488. Industry, p. 490. Commerce, p. 490. Canals, 

 p. 491. Railways, p. 493. Education, p. 493. Government and Administration, p. 494. 

 Tabular Statement of Area and Population, 496. 



