LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. 



FIG. 



217. The Lower Scheldo in the Beginning of 



the Eleventh Century 



218. Flooding of the Polders during the Siege 



of Antwerp, 1585 .... 



219. The Groins of Blankenherghe 



220. Direction of the Winds in Belgium . 



221. A View in the Valley of the Lesse . 



222. Linguistic Map of Belgium 



223. The Belfry of Bruges .... 



224. The Town-hall of Louvaix . 



225. Namur and the Confluence of the Meuse 



and Sambre ..... 



226. The Coal-field of Charleroi 



227. Liège 



22S. The Barrage of La Gileppe 



229. The Battle-field of Waterloo . 



230. Brussels 



231. The Town-hall of Brissels 



232. Mons and the Borinnge .... 



233. Ghent 



234. Rabot Gate at Ghent .... 



235. Antwerp ....... 



236. Antwerp Cathedral .... 

 2 i7. Bruges and the Old Zwyn 



238. Ostend . . . ' . 



239. Increase of the Population of Belgium 



240. Increase of the Population of Belgium, 



1840—75 



241. The Coal Production of Belgium 



242. Comparative Increase of the Population 



and Commerce of Belgium . 



243. Canals and Navigable Rivers of Belgium . 



244. Railway Map of Belgium 



245. Heath and Camp of Beverloo . 



THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBURG 



246. Luxemburg ..... 



THE NETHERLANDS. 



247. The Quarries of St. Pietersberg 



248. Hypsographical Map of the Netherlands 



The Alluvial Lands and Peat Bogs of the 



Netherlands 453 



A Peat Bog near DuRDrecht . . 454 

 . The Fork of the Yssel . . . .456 



The Biesbosch in 1850 .... 457 



Schiermonnikoog ..... 458 



The Site of the Bie.sbosch, in 1420 . . 459 



The Peninsula of Holland . . . 460 

 The Coast-line of the Netherlands before 



the Peopling of the Country . . 461 



The Dyke of Westkappel . . . 462 



The Windmills of Zaandam . . 463 



The Zuiderpolder formerly . . . 464 



The Zuiderpolder now .... 465 



The Mere ot Haarlem .... 466 



Ameland 467 



The Proposed Drainage of the Ziiider 



Zee 468 



The Projected Harbour at Urk . . 469 



Costumes of Friesland and Zealand . 472 



Bergen-op-Zoom 476 



Walcheren ...... 477 



Viissingen, or Flushing .... 478 



Rotterdam and Schiedam . . . .479 



The Hague and Scheveningen . . 480 



Leyden 481 



Amsterdam 482 



Haarlem: the Amsierdam Gate . . 483 



Alkmaar ....... 484 



The Helder 485 



Monnickendam and Marken . . . 486 

 Density of Population in the NLther- 



lands 489 



The Principal Canals of the Nether- 

 lands 490 



The Groins near Petten .... 491 



The Canal of the Y 492 



Section of the Pier Head of Ymuiden . 492 

 Canal of the Hoek van Holland . .493 



Railwa}'' Map of the Netherlands . . 494 



The Viaduct at Moerdyk . . . 495 



RULES FOR PRONOUNCING THE GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES CONTAINED IN THIS VOLUME. 



The Vowels, except where expressly mentioned below, are pronounced as follows:— ff = a in father; 

 e = e in end; i = i in inn or kindle ; as in English; ■m=u in flute. 



German : — te = ee in meet ; ai or ei = y in my ; au = ou in house ; à = ay in may ; o = eu in French ; 

 eu = oy in destroy ; m = u in French ; tj, always hard ; j = y in yes ; ^ = tz ; sch = 8h; c/i = guttural ch in loch. 



Dutch •.—oe = u in flute ; en and h as in French ; sch = sch. in school, and at end of word = s ; ch = ch in loch ; 

 y=y in yes ; »>"=y in my, 



Magyar: — a = o; o and ?/ as in German ; c and c: = tz; cs = (h. in cheese; s = sll; sr=s; 2s = zh (soft sh) ; 

 ch = ch. in loch; w = v; li/, ny, ty, and yy = I'ye, n'ye, t'ye, and g'ye (short) ; gy = dy (Magyar, pronounce 

 Madyar). 



Slav (Bohemia, Croatia, &c.) : — y = i in in ; i or je = ye ; c = tz ; é = j ; 2 = ch in cheese ; y = y in yes ; 

 w = nginbang; I'l^r'sh; i^ = sh; ^ = zh (soft sh). 



Polish : — a and e = on and eiï (nasal) ; ie is alwaj's separated ; j — y in yes ; c — tz; 6 = t'ye (short) ; 

 2c = ch in cheese ; s = zh (soft sh) ; 2 = 8h ; dz and ffc=j ; rz = r'sh ; 5 or sc = sh ; eA = ch in loch ; the / with a 

 bar {I) is pronounced with great force. 



All ot)ier letters, or combinations of letters, may be pronounced as in English. 



