THE GERMAN ALPS. 11 



and flows to the Adriatic, whilst the two others find their way to the Black Sea 

 through the Save and the Drave. From the Terglou may be enjoyed the finest 

 panorama in Austria, the view extending from Venice and the Adriatic to the 

 snow-clad summits of the Tauern. It is the last mountain in this direction 

 whose aspect is Alpine, and even a small glacier hangs upon its northern slope. 



The Karawanken, or Mountains of the Carvates (Croats), beyond it, are less 

 elevated, but they surprise by the pyramidal shape of the summits and the roseate 

 or violet hues of their rocks. They culminate in the Grintouz (8,295 feet), 

 which rises above the amphitheatre of Logar, which bears a striking resemblance 

 to that of Gavarnie, in the Pyrenees. Numerous cascades leap down from the 

 precipices which surround it, that of the Krinka clearing a height of 980 feet in 

 three bounds. These mountains form the eastern termination of the Alps. The 

 plateaux of Carniola and the Carso (Karst), to the south and south-east, difier 

 widely in character from the Alps, of which they are dependencies. 



The calcareous mountains of the northern zone of the Alps are exclusively 

 occupied by Germans. The westernmost mountain mass of this region is known 

 as the Arlberg. The valley of Montaf on, tributary to the Rhine, separates it from 

 the Rhatikon. The Pass of the Arlberg, through w^hich runs the great high-road 

 connecting Innsbruck with the Lake of Constanz, crosses it at a height of 5,994 

 feet. The Kaltenberg attains a height of 9,515 feet, and can boast even a few 

 small glaciers ; but the mountains of Vorarlberg cannot compare with the Alps 

 of Switzerland in beauty of outline or freshness of vegetation. 



The Alps of Algau extend to the north-east of Vorarlberg into Bavaria, and 

 their gentle slopes contrast strikingly with the abrupt precipices formed of lias 

 and the white dolomitic rocks. 



The mountain chain which extends along the northern bank of the Inn as far 

 as the gorge of that river at Kufstein is distinguished for its picturesque boldness 

 and the isolation of its jagged summits, amongst which are the Zugspitze 

 (Wetterstein, 9,682 feet), the Solstein (8,331 feet), and Karspitze (Karawendel, 

 9,076 feet). Small glaciers occupy some of the depressions, and the passes which 

 lead across the range are sometimes veritable gorges, or Klausen (cluses), as in the 

 Jura. One of the steep precipices of the Solstein, the Martinswand, has become 

 famous through an adventure of the Emperor Maximilian I. 



The Alps of Salzburg, to the east of the Inn, consist of numerous isolated 

 mountain masses, presenting, as a rule, a steep wall towards the Tauern, and sloping 

 down gently towards the north. They abound in shady valleys, charming villages, 

 blue mountain lakes, and savage gorges, and do not yield in picturesqueness to the 

 Alps of Switzerland. If we ascend the steep precipices we reach plateaux covered 

 with chaotic masses of rock, void of all vegetation. One of these plateaux is known 

 as the Steinerne Meer, or "Stony Sea ; " another, to the east of it, as the Ueber- 

 gossene Aim, or " Submerged Meadow." The former rises to a height of 8,200 feet, 

 and is surrounded by jagged peaks, or Zinkon, the highest amongst which attains 

 an elevation of 8,692 feet. The Uebergossene Alp (9,644 feet) has a cap of 

 ice and snow. To the north of these rises the stupendous pyramid of Watzmann 



