PEODTJCTIONS, INDUSTRY, COMMEECE. 



23 



in the Tyrol, Hallein in Salzburg, and Ilallstatt in the Salzkammergut (estate of 

 the Salt Office) are the principal centres of salt-mining. The saliferous mountains 

 are perforated by innumerable galleries, whence the brine is conveyed to the evapo- 

 rating works. One of these salt mountains, viz. the Di'irrenberg, near Hallein, 

 has yielded 10,000,000 tons of salt in the course of the last six centuries.* The 

 deposits of iron ore in Styria and Carinthia are of enormous extent. The Erzberg 

 at Eisenerz alone yields about 200,000 tons of ore annually, and will continue to 

 yield that quautit}^ for a thousand years. f Unfortunately the district where these 

 ores abound most are dependent upon lignite and peat for their fuel, and even 

 in Styria the manufacturing industry cannot compare with that of Bohemia. 

 Vorarlberg has cotton-mills ; Styria iron and steel works, machine shops, forges, 



Fie:. 12. — The Mtning Region of Eisenerz and Vordernberg. 



,14° 20' E .of Gr 



114° 20 



Lignite and coal. 



Iron, &c. 



and foundries. The latter is more densely inhabited than any other district of 

 the Austrian Alps. 



Formerly the roads which led across the Austrian Alps were few and far 

 between. In the beginning of the present century there existed but two direct 

 carriage roads which joined Austria to Italy, viz. that over the Semmering and the 

 more westerly one over the Brenner. The old Roman road which ran over the 



* Yield of salt (1872) at Ebensee, Ischl, Hallstatt, Aussee, HaUein, and Hall, 93,980 tons. 



t Yield of pig-iron (1872) :— 115,629 tons in Styria, 63,873 tons in Carinthia, 5,367 tons in the Tyrol, 

 and 2,S28 tons in Salzburg. 



Yield of lignite :— 1,254,743 tons in Styria, 77,169 tons in Carinthia, 24,932 tons in the Tyrol. 



Yield of coal : — 5,515 tons in Styria. 



In addition there were produced 59,788 cwts. of lead, 305,696 ozs. of gold, 6,G46 cwts. of copper, 

 1,549 cwts. of zinc, besides silver, nickel, arsenic, alum, and vitriol. 



