72 AUSTRIA-HUNGAEY. 



A few fine buildings surround the large square in the centre of the town, orna- 

 mented with a statue of Ban Jelacié, but the outskirts resemble a huge village. 

 A turreted wall separates the lower town from the cathedral close. VarakUn 

 (10,623 inhabitants), near the Drave and the Hungarian frontier, is the second 

 town of Croatia. Karlovac Gornji (Karlstadt, 5,175 inhabitants), on the Kulpa, 

 not far above its confluence with the Save, is an important grain mart. Sisek 

 (1,500 inhabitants), more humble still, nevertheless enjoys a considerable trade in 

 corn. It is the modern representative of Siscia, which played a prominent part 

 durino- the wars in Pannonia, and had its own mint. Its wide and grass- grown 

 streets are bordered with small cabins. The bulk of the population of Croatia live 

 in scattered hamlets, and there are but few places which can fairly be called towns. 



Esuek (Osjek, 17,247 inhabitants), favourably situated on the Drave, consists of 

 a fortress surrounded by numerous suburbs. A railway bridge crosses the river 

 a short distance below the town. There are silk-mills, and commerce flourishes. 

 Many Germans and Magyars have settled in the town. BJakovo (2,600 inha- 

 bitants), in the plain to the south of Essek, is the seat of a bishop. Vorovitica, 

 the capital of a district, has a few German and Magyar colonies in its vicinity. 



Syrmia abounds in towns famous on account of the military events with which 

 they are associated. Peterwardcin (Petrovaradin, 5,497 inhabitants), on the 

 Danube, is connected by a bridge of boats with the powerful citadel of Nensatz 

 (Novisad), on the other side of the river, and recalls a defeat of the Turks by 

 Prince Eugene in 1716. At Karlovac Bolnji (Carlowitz, 1,817 inhabitants), lower 

 down, the Turks signed the treaty of 1699, by which they surrendered most of the 

 conquests made in Hungary. Semlin (Zemun, 10,046 inhabitants), near the 

 confluence of the Danube and Save, is the great commercial emporium of Austria 

 on the Lower Danube. The " Isle of War " separates it from Belgrad. Mitrovic 

 (5,950 inhabitants), on the Save, is the modern representative of Sirmium, the 

 birthplace of Probus. Near it is Vinkovci, built on the ruins of Cibalis, where 

 Constantino defeated Licinius in 314. 



