122 



AUSTRI A-H UNG AR Y. 



along the northern foot of the Carpathians. These springs remained almost 

 unknown until the "petroleum fever" in America attracted attention towards 

 them. Borislaw, on the Upper Dniestr, became, in 18G6, one of the centres of 

 the Galician petroleum region, and in the course of six months grew from a small 

 village into a town of 20,000 inhabitants.* Subsequently other oil springs 

 were discovered in Western Galicia, but the produce of all has gradually 

 declined. 



A railway connecting Danzig and Stettin, on the Baltic, with Odessa, on the 

 TUack Sea, and passing through Galicia, has only recently been opened. Before 

 that time Gulicia was hardly accessible, and it was less frequently referred to 

 than many a less important country in distant Asia. The favourable geographical 



Fig. 7G. — Cracow and Wieliczka. 

 Scale 1 : 408,000. 



\7''50' 



i8°E.of Paris 



, 5 Miles 



position of Galicia, half-way between the Baltic and the Euxine, is only now being 

 properly appreciated. The railwaj-, which traverses the country from west to east, 

 places Western Europe in communication with the great granaries of Moldavia , 

 and Central Russia, and in course of time its influence will reach as far as the cities 

 of Central Asia. Even now the village of Podwotoczyska, formerly never heard 

 of, and the town of Brody, import annually £2,000,000 worth of corn. 



Towns. 



Lcopol, the capital of Galicia, was built in 12Ô1), and called after its founder, 

 but better known by its Polish name of Lwow, or its German one of Lcmherg 



* Borislaw, in 1873, yielded 17,/)00 tons of asphalt (mineral wax), and 11,000 tons of petroleum, 

 having a total value of £460,000. 



