142 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



Kôniginhof (Krâlové Dvûr, 6,222 inhabitants) ; Jaromér (5,442 inhabitants) ; 

 Josefdadt ; the famous fortress of Kôniggrutz (Krâlové Hradec, 5,515 inhabitants) ; 

 industrious Pardubice (8,167 inhabitants) ; Kolin (9,460 inhabitants), where 

 the Hussites in 14^34 lost 13,000 men, and Frederick the Great, nearly 

 three hundred years afterwards, suffered one of his rare defeats. The other 

 towns in the basin of the Elbe include LeitomijU (7,021 inhabitants), Chrudiin 

 (•11,218 inhabitants), and Kuttenherg (Kutna-Hora, 12,742 inhabitants), the latter 

 a very important place in the fourteenth century, when its silver mines yielded 

 rich treasures, whilst now it is dependent in a large measure upon the manu- 

 facture of beet sugar. To the south-east of it lies Cdalav (5,998 inhabitants), 

 where Zizka lies buried, and Frederick the Great achieved a victory which yielded 

 him the greater portion of Silesia. 



Moravia cannot boast a city comparable at all with Prague for population, 

 beauty, or celebrity. Briinn (73,464 inhabitants), the capital of the country, is 

 a large manufacturing town, the rival of Leeds and Yerviers, and commanded by 

 the citadel of the Spielberg, so famous as the prison of Silvio Pellico and others 

 condemned for state reasons. Olmutz (15,231 inhabitants) is, above all, a 

 fortress, defending the upper valley of the Morava and the northern approaches 

 to Vienna. Of other towns lying within the basin of the Morava may be men- 

 tioned Schonberg (7,285 inhabitants), which has iron mines and furnaces; 

 Sternberg (13,479 inhabitants), with linen factories ; ProssNifz (15,717 inha- 

 bitants), in the fertile vale of the Hana ; Preraii (7,000 inhabitants) ; Kremsier 

 (9,823 inhabitants) ; and Ungarisch-Hradisch (3,100 inhabitants). The latter is 

 only a small town, built upon an island of the Morava ; but a short distance to 

 the north of it stood Vellehrad, the ancient capital of the Moravian Empire, 

 built in the commencement of the tenth century. 



Iglau (20,112 inhabitants) still lies within the basin of the Morava, but far 

 away from its main valley, on the road from Briinn to Prague. It is an im- 

 portant town, with woollen-mills and glass works. Formerly it was a great 

 mining town. Znaim (10,600 inhabitants) and Nikohburg (7,173 inhabitants), 

 both near the frontier of Austria proper, depend upon the neighbourhood of 

 Vienna for much of their trade. The only large town in the region of the Car- 

 pathians is Ncu-Titschein (8,645 inhabitants), in the centre of a productive district 

 known as the " Land of Cows." 



Austrian Silesia lies almost wholly within the basins of the Oder and the 

 Vistula, and is therefore a natural dependency of Cracow and Breslau, and not 

 of Vienna. Troppau (Opava, 16,608 inhabitants), the largest town of the province, 

 lies close to the Prussian frontier, on a small tributary of the Oder, and is known 

 through the alliance there renewed in 1820 between Austria, Russia, and Prussia. 

 Troppau and Jdgerndorf (8,121 inhabitants) engage largely in the woollen indus- 

 try, whilst Freudenthal (6,243 inhabitants), to the west of the latter, is the 

 principal seat of the linen and cotton manufactures. Still farther to the north- 

 west lies Freiwaldau (5,242 inhabitants), and near it the hydropathic establishment 

 of Gràfenberg, founded by Priessnitz. 



