148 



AUSTEIA-HUNGAEY. 



are the chief seats of the iron industry ; Bohemia and Moravia engage in the 

 textile industries, in the manufacture of g-hiss and of beet-root sugar, and in the 

 brewing of beer. Vienna i^roduces textile fabrics, machines, chemical products, and 

 a variety of minor articles. Hungary, Transylvania, and Croatia can hardly be 

 said to have a manufacturing industry, and Pest cannot bear comparison in this 

 respect with Vienna, Reichenberg, or other manufacturing centres of Bohemia or 

 Moravia. The prolétariat of Austria and Bohemia is essentially composed of old 



Fig. 90.— The Sohlergrund, or Plain of Zolyom, in the Mixing District of Zolyom, Huxgaky. 



factory hands, whilst in Hungary it consists of agricultural labourers. In the 

 latter country male domestics are twice as numerous as in Austria, whose 

 manufacturing industry offers better chances of remunerative occupation.* 



The minor industries are gradually being absorled by huge manufacturing 

 establishments. The peasant linen-weavers have almost disappeared. Huge 

 distilleries are gradually superseding the domestic stills, and the corn is ground in 



* In 1871 there existed 155 cotton-mills, with 1,526,555 spindles (in Bohemia 705,279 sjiindlcs); 

 linon-mills with 400,000 spindles; and 2,335 hrcweries, producing 277,200,000 gallons. The beet-root 

 sugar factories, in 1877-8, consumed 26,286,074 cwts. of beet-root. 



