STATISTICS or AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 151 



cation. The railways which, in accordance with the treaty of Berlin, are to be 

 built in the Balkan peninsula will powerfully contribute towards a development 

 of Austrian commerce.* 



Education. 



The Germans of Austria-Hungary claim to be the superiors in intellectual culture, 

 and in many respects their claim must be admitted. The schools of Austria 

 proper are better attended than any others, and education in the German provinces 

 is far riiore advanced than in the eastern half of the empire. In Austria proper 

 88 per cent, of the adults are able to read and write, in Bohemia only 61 per cent., 

 in Hungary 26 per cent., in Galicia 5 per cent,, in Dalmatia 1 per cent. Education, 

 however, is making rapid progress, more especially in Hungary, where the number 

 of schools has vastly increased since that country has regained its independence. 



Cis-Leithania. Trans-Leithania. 



Schools. Pupils. Schools. Pupils. 



Elementary schools . . . 1.3,200 1,829,01)0 16,000 1,242,000 



Middle-class schools . . . 229 55,689 197 35,815 



The ten universities of the empire are attended by 12,300 students, amongst 

 whom the Jcavs are proportionally very numerous. There are in addition 7 

 Polytechnic high schools (4,405 students), and numerous seminaries and special 

 schools. 



We are not in a position to classify the nationalities of the empire according 

 to their morality, but in one respect the Germans appear to hold an inferior 

 position. The number of illegitimate children is greater amongst them than 

 amongst their fellow- citizens, and in Carinthia there are villages where more than 

 two-thirds of the children born are illegitimate.t 



The superior influence of the Germans cannot, however, be doubted when it is 

 a question of science, art, commerce, or industry. The majority of the books and 

 journals are printed in German, and even at Pest German papers find a larger 

 number of readers than those written in Magyar. German is the language by 

 means of which the educated classes of the whole empire are able to communicate 

 with each other, and its influence is on the increase. As to the Rumanians and 

 Puthenians, they can hardly be said to enjoy an intellectual life. It is truly 

 remarkable that the number of periodicals published in Hebrew, a language no 

 longer spoken by the Jews, should be greater than that printed in Rumanian, a 

 language spoken by nearly 3,000,000 living on this side of the Carpathians.J 



* Railways, 11,175 miles; telegraphs, 30,445 miles, 8,025,826 dispatches; letters, &c., forwarded by 

 post, 335,686,000. 



t Illegitimate births (1869) in Cis-Leithania, 14 per cent. ; in Trans-Leithania, 6-97 per cent. ; in 

 Carinthia, 44"15 per cent. ; in Lower Austria, 31 -oO per cent. 



j 866 newspapers and periodicals appear in Cis-Leithania, and 325 in Trans-Leithania. Of these 

 602 are German, 195 Magyar, 107 Checliian, 63 Italian, and 49 Polish. 



