204 GEEMANY. 



Dutch, and French refugees settled in it. The manufacture of jewellery is carried 

 on with much success, Hanau ranking next to Pforzheim in that respect, and 

 there are also tobacco factories, tanneries, and metallurgical establishments. 

 Hanau was the birthj^lace of the brothers Grimm, and near it Napoleon, in 1813, 

 fought his last battle upon the soil of Germany. The hot springs of WilJiehnsbad, 

 near Hanau, are much frequented by the citizens of Frankfort. 



A railway runs along the right bank of the Main, passing high above the 

 famous vineyards of Ilochhebn (2,620 inhabitants), and connects Frankfort with 

 Mainz (Mayence, 56,421 inhabitants), a fortress defending the most important pass 

 over the Rhine. At the first glance the geographical position of Mayence strikes 

 us as being even more favourable than that of Frankfort ; but Mayence is not the 

 point of junction of so many roads, and the Taunus, on the north, appears to shut 

 it in. The interests of commerce and industry have, besides this, always been 

 obliged to yield to military considerations. It was here that Drusus, nineteen 

 centuries ago, constructed one of his most powerful castles, to serve as a barrier 

 against the Germans. The Mayence of the present day, on the contrary, has its 

 guns pointed in the direction of Gaul. Its extensive lines of fortifications and 

 numerous detached forts require a garrison of 20,000 men for their defence. The 

 victualling yards and bakeries of Mayence are on a sufficient scale to supply the 

 daily wants of an army of 500,000 men. 



There still exist the ruins of an aqueduct of 500 arches, and a few other 

 remains of ancient Mogiiiitiaciim, and the museum in the old Grand Ducal palace 

 is exceedingly rich in Roman antiquities. The Byzantine cathedral forms the 

 most striking monument of the town. It was completed in 1340, but parts of it 

 date back to the tenth century. A statue by Thorwaldsen commemorates the 

 memory of Gutenberg, the inventor of printing, who was a native of the town. 



Mayence is the most populous city of Grand Ducal Hesse. The Rhine below it, 

 as far as the Nahe, has only small villages on its left bank, but one of these is the 

 famous Obcr IngeUteim (2,808 inhabitants), the alleged birthplace of Charlemagne. 

 Bbujcn (6,380 inhabitants), at the confluence of the Nahe with the Rhine, has an old 

 castle, and from the Rochusberg, above the town, may be enjoyed one of the most 

 extended views on the Rhine. 



At a distance of only 5 miles in a direct line from Mayence we reach another 

 large town, Wiesbaden (43,674 inhabitants), the old capital of the Duchy of Nassau. 

 Pleasantly situate at the opening of a valley, and at the foot of the wooded Taunus 

 Mountains, this town possesses peculiar qualifications as a health resort or place of 

 leisure. The hot springs — Fontes Mattiaci — were known to the Romans, but it is 

 only since the beginning of this century that they have attracted a considerable 

 number of visitors. The old " village " of Wiesbaden forms but a small portion of 

 the modern town, which has straight streets, shaded walks, villas, and gardens. A 

 few minutes suffice either to take us into the wooded hills or to Biebrich (7,690 

 inhabitants), on the banks of the Rhine, where there is a fine park. 



Wiesbaden is the principal watering-place of the Taunus, attracting annually 

 no less than 70,000 visitors. ScJilangenhad, the " Bath of Snakes," thus named 



