EHENISH PEUSSIA. 211 



its coal, lead, and zinc mines,* its metallurgical establishments, cloth-mills, and 

 manufactories of needles and pins. A technical high school supplies the industrial 

 establishments of the town and its neighbourhood with competent managers. 



The whole of the country surrounding the twin city of Aachen- Burtscheid 

 abounds in manufactories. Eschweiler (11,000 inhabitants), in the north-east, 

 has iron works and coal mines. Stolherg (10,252 inhabitants), still nearer to 

 Aachen, has iron works, glass works, and other manufactories. JSiipcn (14,759 

 inhabitants) is the Bradford of Prussia, its cloths being largely exported. 

 3Ioresnet, a small territory conjointly governed by Prussia and Belgium, has 

 become famous on account of its " Vieille Montagne " zinc mines, yielding 40,200 

 tons of that metal annually. Malmédy (5,671 inhabitants), still farther to the 

 south, has extensive tanneries. Diircn (14,516 inhabitants), half-way between 

 Aachen and Cologne, manufactures cloth, and carries on a considerable commerce. 

 One of the five lines of railways which diverge from it takes us to Jûlich (Juliers, 

 5,111 inhabitants), close to the Dutch frontier, while another runs past Z'âljnch 

 and the manufacturing town of EHskirchen (5,489 inhabitants) to Treves, on the 

 Moselle. Ziilpich is the Tolhiacum or Tolbiac of old writers, where Clovis defeated 

 the Alemanni in 496. 



Soon after leaving Cologne we reach M'ldheim (17,353 inhabitants), a manu- 

 facturing town on the Rhine, and the port of Bergisch-GIadbach (7,030 inhabitants) ; 

 but lower down for a distance of 30 miles, as far as Diisseldorf, no town of note is 

 met with on the river. Dmseldorf (80,695 inhabitants), formerly merely a village at 

 the mouth of the rivulet Diissel, has grown into a populous city since the Dukes of 

 Berg made it their capital. It is the natural port of the manufacturing district 

 of which Barmen and Elberfeld are the centre. The town enjoys the advantage of 

 having fine public parks and clean streets. Its school of art is famous throughout 

 Germany. Cornelius the painter, and Heine the poet, were natives of the town. 



On the other bank of the Rhine, though at some distance from the river, rise 

 the walls oî Ncuss (15,364 inhabitants), which Charles the Bold vainly besieged in 

 1474 and 1475. Tacitus mentions this town under the name of Novosium, and it 

 was formerly the capital of the whole district. A canal connects it with the Meuse 

 and the Rhine, and it is now one of the most important grain marts of Germany. 

 Manufacturing towns have sprung up in this part of the Rhineland. Crefeld 

 (52,905 inhabitants), the principal amongst them, is quite American in its appear- 

 ance, having grown in the course of a century from a small village into a large 

 and bus}^ town, engaging more especially in the manufacture of velvets, silks, and 

 ribbons, t The same branches of industry are carried on in the neighbouring towns, 

 the principal amongst which are Viersen (19,705 inhabitants), 3Iùnchen-GIadbach 

 (31,970 inhabitants), Rheydt (15,835 inhabitants), Sûeldein (8,957 inhabitants), 

 and Konpcn (5,372 inhabitants), the latter the native place of Thomas à Kempis. 

 To the north of these towns, beyond Goldern (5,194 inhabitants), the old capital of 



* They yield annually 800,000 tons of coal, 12,300 tons of lead, and 4,040 tons of zinc, 

 t Crefeld, in 1&74, had 28,153 looms, paid £1,030,900 in wages, and exported goods valued at 

 £3,409,800. 



