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GERMANY. 



guns which have made the reputation of their inventor, Krupp. But guns con- 

 stitute only a small part of the products of Krupp's huge establishment, -which 

 covers an area of 960 acres, occupies 15,000 workmen, in addition to some 5,000 

 miners, and produces annually 125,000 tons of cast steel. The neighbouring 

 towns of Alteiiessen (12,658 inhabitants), Altendorf {12,676 inhabitants), and Borbeck 

 (with Bocholt, 20,095 inhabitants) engage in the same industries. 



Westphalia. — The coal basin of the Ruhr extends eastward into Westphalia, 

 and there, too, it has caused huge manufacturing towns to spring from the soil. 

 Dortmund (57,742 inhabitants), however, the most populous town of Westphalia, 

 dates back to an earlier period, for it is mentioned in chronicles of the tenth century. 

 Favourably situate on the high-road connecting the Rhine with the Elbe and Oder, 

 it was one of the first to join the Hanseatic League. Its town-hall and fine 

 churches belong to that period, and more venerable still, a group of lime-trees is 

 pointed out, in whose shade the judges of the Holy Vehme met. The surrounding 



Fig. 122. — Essen. 



district is rich in agricultural produce, but the actual wealth of Dortmund is due 

 rather to coal and iron mines and iron works than to its trade in corn.* 

 Bochum (28,368 inhabitants), half-way between Dortmund and Essen, rivals both 

 as a mining and industrial town.f The other towns of this portion of Westphalia 

 are equally distinguished for their industry. Foremost amongst them are Gehen- 

 Jdrchen (11,295 inhabitants), Witten (18,106 inhabitants). Horde (12,837 inhabit- 

 ants), and Harjen (26,870 inhabitants). Iser/ohn (16,838 inhabitants) has iron and 

 zinc mines as well as lime-kilns, and, like its neighbours, engages in the manu- 

 facture of every description of hardware. 



But whilst industry has transformed the villages of Southern Westphalia into 

 large towns, Soest (13,099 inhabitants), which was formerly one of the largest 



* The district of Dortmund annually yields 3,300,000 tons of coal and 89,000 tons of iron ore. 

 while 280,000 tons of pig-iron and steel are produced yearly, 

 t About 6,000,000 tons of coal are raised annually. 



