242 



GERMANY. 



however, have established cotton-mills and other manufactories not only in 

 that cit}^, but also in other parts of Bavaria. The present population, if we 

 include that of the suburbs and of Lechhausen (6,724 inhabitants), is probably 

 as numerous as during the most prosperous time of the city. Augsburg slowly 

 shifts its ground, for whilst ancient quarters in the east of the town have been 

 deserted, new ones have sprung up in the west, outside the old town walls. The 

 fertile Lechfeld extends between the Lech and the Wertach, to the south of the 

 city. 



Neuhurg (7,291 inhabitants) is the first town on the Danube below the mouth 

 of the Lech. The town is favourably situated at the head of the great " Moss," 

 now converted into productive fields (see Fig. 136). IngoMadt (14,485 inhabit- 

 ants) lies below this swampy track, almost in the centre of the kingdom, and 

 half-way between Munich and Niirnberg. It is the strongest fortress of Southern 

 Germany. At Ingolstadt the Jesuits founded their first college in Germany, and 



Fig. 139. — Ratisbov (Regensburg). 

 Scale 1 : 168.000. 



utiles. 



the university, another bulwark of the Catholics, was attended, towards the close 

 of the sixteenth centurj^ by 4,000 students. 



The Danube, before it effects its junction with the Altmiihl, traverses a narrow 

 gorge, or Iron Gate, which the Romans fortified against the Marcomanni. 

 Their entrenchments can still be easily traced, and are known as Heidenmauern. 

 The hill rising above Kelheim (2,838 inhabitants), at the mouth of the Altmiihl, 

 is surmounted by a temple erected by Ludwig I. in commemoration of the German 

 War of Liberation (1813 — 15). Eichstddt (7,136 inhabitants) is the only town in 

 the valley of the Altmiihl. The famous quarries of Solenhofen lie higher up, 

 above the village oi Pappenhehn (1,718 inhabitants). 



Ratisbou (Hegensburg, 38,271 inhabitants), Radaspona of the Celts, occupies 

 a position on the Danube analogous to that of Orléans on the Loire; but it 

 possesses the additional advantage of several tributary valleys converging upon it. 

 The Regen, to which the town is indebted for its German name, here joins the 

 Danube, and by following it we reach the only practicable pass leading into Bohemia. 



