BAVARIA. 



247 



Munich tas become an important centre of industry. Iron and brass castings, 

 bronzes, mathematical and scientific instruments are manufactured there. The 

 publishing trade, too, is an active one, and the number of periodicals, especially 

 of Catholic ones, is very large, for Munich is the head-quarters of the TJltramon- 

 tanes in Southern Germany.* But far more important than either of the above 

 branches of industry are the breweries, and the drinking-halls attached to them 

 attract more visitors on holidays than do the shaded walks of the " English 

 Garden " on the Isar, or the park of Nyinphenhiwrj (1,788 inhabitants), the 

 Bavarian Versailles, f 



In summer the charming lakes at the foot of the Alps are much frequented 

 by the inhabitants of Munich. Partcnkirchen, in the upper valley of the Loisach, 

 Berchtesgaden (1,816 inhabitants), ReichenhaU (3,302 inhabitants), and other 



Fig. 143.— The Aqxieduct of Reichenhall. 

 Scale 1 : 670,000. 



.10° E.of Paris 



10° 30' 



I2°20' E.olG. 



I2°50' 



=— 10 Miles. 



watering-places in the vicinity of Salzburg and at the foot of the Untersberg, 

 whose quarries have supplied most of the stone for the large buildings of Munich, 

 are favourite resorts. Eeichenhall, owing to the abundance and efficacy of its 

 waters, sees most visitors. The springs of that " Hall " — a name by which all brine 

 springs were known to the ancient Celtic inhabitants of Germany — are fed by 

 water which percolates through the saliferous strata worked at Berchtesgaden and 

 at Hallein. An aqueduct, constructed in 1817, conveys the brine of Reichenhall 

 to Traimsiein (4,466 inhabitants), and thence to Rosenheim (7,501 inhabitants), 

 the Pons Œni of the Romans, on the Inn. This aqueduct has a total length of 

 60 miles. 



* In 187G, 236 Catholic periodicals, having 1,040,000 sub.sciibers, were published throughout 

 Germany. Of these 54, having 380,000 subscribers, appeared in Bavaria. 



t In 1875 the 20 breweries of Munich j^roduced 25,792,008 gallons of beer, of an estimated value of 

 ^1,209,280; 1,116,500 gallons were e.xported, 531,350 gallons imported; and there were thus consumed 

 in the town nearly 120 gallons per head annually, or 2 6 pints daily ! 



