284 



GERMANY. 



in the twelfth century. Having become the capital of a state, it rapidly grew in 

 population, and the railways which now converge upon it insure it its position. 

 The "old town" forms the nucleus of the actual city, but is of small extent 

 when compared with the modern quarters and the far-stretching suburbs. The 

 streets of Hanover are for the most part wide and sumptuous, the old fortifications 



Fig. 162. — MiNDEN AND THE PoRTA WeSTI'HALICA. 

 Scale 1 : 102,000. 



«"ISi' 



have been converted into public walks, and a park extends in the north-west as far 

 as the royal castle of Herrenhausen. There are a fine theatre, a museum, a library 

 of 150,000 volumes, and several superior schools of high reputation, including a 

 technical academy attended by 600 students. As a manufacturing city Hanover 

 is rapidly rising into importance. There are cotton-mills, dye works, chemical 

 works, foundries, and machine shops. The environs have been drained, and are 



