298 GEEMANY. 



Dresden is not the seat of a university, but it has many famous schools, 

 including a technical academy and a school for music. Scientific and art societies 

 are numerous. A portion of the public park has been set aside as a zoological 

 garden. On a sandy jolateau to the north of the town rises quite a city of military 

 buildings, ironicall}^ called Casernopolis. 



In 1813 Dresden was the head-quarters of the French array, and the battle 

 which cost Moreau's life was fought a short distance to the south of it. The 

 valley of the Weisseritz, which intersects the field of battle, presents us with some 

 of the 'loveliest scenery near the town. In it, surrounded by forests, lies Tharamlt 

 (2,554 inhabitants), the seat of a school of forestry, and a favourite summer resort. 

 Loschwitz, in the hilly country to the east of the Elbe, is also much frequented by 

 visitors. A medical establishment for the treatment of phthisis is in operation there. 



Ifeissen (13,002 inhabitants), below Dresden^ on the left bank of the Elbe, the 

 mediaeval capital of Misnia and of Saxony, was originally founded as a bulwark 

 against the Wends. Two bridges, a Gotliic church, an old castle, and the surround- 

 ing woods make it one of the most picturesque towns of Saxony. It is famous 

 in the history of the ceramic arts, the first porcelain factory in Europe having 

 been established in the Albrechtsburg by Bottcher. In 1863 the manufactory 

 was transferred to the valley of the Triebisch. Modern " Dresden, " however, is far 

 inferior to the old porcelain, which excels in fineness of paste and solidity of colours. 



Eiesa (5,707 inhabitants) is the only Saxon town on the Elbe below Meissen, 

 but at some distance from the river there are two manufacturing towns, Oschatz 

 (7,243 inhabitants) and Grossenhain (11,542 inhabitants), the one to the west, the 

 other to the east. Radeherrj (5,894 inhabitants) and Kcunenz (6,784 inhabitants), 

 the birthplace of Lessing, lie to the north-east of Dresden, in the valley of the 

 Black Elster. 



Bautzen, or Biulmin (17,436 inhabitants), the capital of Upper Lusatia, rises 

 proudly above the plain intersected by the winding Spree. An old castle, in which 

 the Kings of Bohemia kept court, commands the city. In 1813 the allied Prussians 

 and Russians were defeated near Bautzen by the French. The village of 

 Hochkirch, near which Frederick the Great sustained a crushing defeat in 1758, 

 lies farther to the east. Làhaii (6,962 inhabitants) is at a still greater distance 

 from Bautzen, though in the basin of the Elbe. It lies at the foot of an extinct 

 volcano. Another cone in the vicinitv, known as the Cherno Boff, or " Black 

 God," is a miniature Vesuvius. 



Zittaii (20,417 inhabitants), the largest town of Eastern Saxony, is not far 

 from the Neisse, an affluent of the Oder. Lying close to the frontier of Bohemia, 

 Zittau is one of the grouj) of industrial towns having Heichenberg for their 

 centre. It carries on the manufacture of linen, damask, and other textile fabrics. 

 Linen and cloth are likewise manufactured at Ehershach (6,7^4 inhabitants), 

 Odcrwitz (7,337 inhabitants), Scifhcnnevsdorf (6,366 inhabitants), Gross- ScJt'ônau 

 (5,877 inhabitants), and in many villages which stretch for miles along the 

 surrounding mountain valleys. Herrnhut, the original settlement of the Moravian 

 Brethren, lies to the north. It w^as founded in 1722, on the estate of Count Zin- 



