PLAINS OF THE ELBE, ODER, AND VISTULA. 



347 



Fig. 201 

 Scale 1 



built within and beyond the fortifications which make Konigsberg one of the most 

 powerful strongholds of Germany. 



Pillau (3,196 inhabitants), at the Gut of the Frische Haff, forms a dependency 

 and outport of Konigsberg, 

 though situate some 30 miles 

 due west of it. Nearly all its 

 trade is carried on on account of 

 the merchants of the neighbour- 

 ing city. Pillau possesses the im- 

 portant advantage of not being 

 blocked by ice during winter, 

 and a great deal of the Russian 

 trade passes through it. Cranz, 

 at the neck of the Kurische 

 Nehrung, is the most frequented 

 watering-place near Konigsberg. 



The few towns to the south 

 of Konigsberg, such as AUenstein 

 (6,159 inhabitants), Heihherg 

 (5,762 inhabitants), Bartenstein 

 (6,460 inhabitants), and Rasten- 

 hurg (6,102 inhabitants), are 

 centres of local trade, Lyck 

 (5,912 inhabitants) is a head- 

 quarter of smugglers. Far more 

 important are the towns in the 

 valley of the Pregel, through 

 which runs a great international 

 railway. They include Wehlaii 

 (5,178 inhabitants), Insterhurg 

 (16,303 inhabitants), and Gnm- 

 hinnen (9,141 inhabitants). 

 Eydtkuhnen (3,253 inhabitants), 

 to the east of the latter, close to 

 the Russian frontier, is rapidly 

 rising into importance. Boycn 

 (591 inhabitants) is a small for- 

 tress near Lbtzen (4,034 inha- 

 bitants), and in the centre of an 

 extensive lake district. 



Tilsit (20,251 inhabitants), rendered famous by the treaty of 1807, is the only 

 town of importance on the river Memel, which 30 miles below enters the Kurische 

 Haff. The two battles which preceded that treaty were fought in the neighbour- 

 hood : the one at Preiissisch-Fyyiau (3,738 inhabitants), 24 miles to the south of 



;2i''8. E.of G,. 



2 Miles. 



