482 



THE NETHEELANDS. 



The construction of a canal to the Helder, and more recently of another to Ymuiden 

 (see Figs. 279 to 281), has materially helped Amsterdam to maintain its rank as a 

 maritime city, but it must ultimately share the fate of Venice, unless steps are 

 taken to place it in facile communication with the Rhine. The existing canals are 

 far from sufficient for their purpose, and need considerable improvement. 



Ship-building and the construction of hydraulic machinery are the principal 

 occupations, but there are also sugar refineries, distilleries, breweries, and a variety 

 of other industrial establishments, whilst the cutting of diamonds is more 



Fig. 272. — Amsterdam. 

 Scale'l : 40,000. 



4°55\ Lonf', Z oF Gr 



City 0/ Amsterdam. 



Tiew Quarters 

 1 course of construction. 



Half a Mile. 



The spaces le/t blank 

 are covered with water. 



especially carried on by Portuguese Jews, who form a numerous community, and 

 are justly proud of their co-religionist, Baruch Spinoza. 



Haarlem (34,797 inhabitants), since the drainage of the neighbouring mere 

 (Fig. 261), has considerably gained in population. Captured in 1572 by the 

 Spaniards, the whole garrison and many citizens were massacred, but the town 

 quickly recovered from this disaster, and became famous for its linen industry, which 

 still flourishes. Haarlem boasts of many great men, and recently a statue has 

 been erected to Coster, the alleged inventor of printing. Its picture galleries 



