results have been obtained with peat pot-grown seedlings (Garbisch, 

 Woller and McCallum, 1975) . Because saltgrass readily invades establish- 

 ed stands of other marsh species, artificial propagation of this plant 

 is seldom worthwhile. 



k. Mangroves . Mangroves invade new areas by seeds. However, like 

 most tree species, they invade raw, unstabilized areas with difficulty 

 (Lewis and Dunstan, 1975; Teas, Jergens, and Kimball, 1975; Banner, 1977) 

 Consequently, transplants seem to hold more promise. 



Red, white, and black mangrove seedlings are readily grown in pots 

 (Savage, 1972) . Germinated seedlings may be gathered in large numbers 

 from drift lines for potting during the winter and early spring (H. 

 Teas, botanist, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, personal 

 communication, 1976) . Growth requirements for mangrove plants in con- 

 tainers appear to be similar to those of other marsh species. Larger 

 containers may be required. Moisture supply must be maintained at an 

 adequate level; however, flooding is not essential in the production of 

 the Florida mangrove species. Best survival has been with large plants 

 (saplings, 0.5 to 1.5 meters in height, 4 to 5 years old). These can 

 be transplanted with a high degree of success if root-balled and pruned 

 when dug from the field (Darovec, et al., 1975; Pulver, 1976). Root-ball 

 (roots and soil surrounding tree) diameter should be at least one-half 

 the height of the tree before pruning and about 20 to 25 centimeters 

 deep. Similar plants, container grown, should plant equally well. The 

 supply of such plants available from the wild is very limited and ex- 

 tensive plantings will require nursery stock grown from seedlings or 

 from rooted cuttings. Air-layering has promise in the production of 

 mangrove planting stock (Carlton and Moffler, 1978) . 



1. Pickleweed . This plant spreads vegetatively and by seeds. 

 Planting has been with sprigs gathered from the wild (Newcombe and 

 Pride, 1976) . It is plentiful all along the Pacific coast and often 

 invades newly exposed sites the first year. Consequently, there is 

 little need for propagation. 



m. Other Plants. A number of other plants could be planted for 

 special purposes. Common reed is abundant locally along the Atlantic 

 and gulf coasts and ample planting material, sprigs, rhizomes, and 

 stolons may be obtained from the wild. Sea oxeye, marsh elder, and 

 several of the other minor marsh species have been sprigged success- 

 fully in experimental plantings. Propagation would be similar to the 

 major species. 



3. Planting Techniques . 



a. Site Preparation . Disturbance and manipulation of surfaces for 

 planting should be limited to the need for suitable slopes. Grading 

 may be required to eliminate pockets of poor drainage. Sloping or 

 filling may be necessary on eroding shorelines to provide a plantable 



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