PROBLEMS FROM DEVELOPMENT ill 



Most of the water for Memphis is pumped from wells 250 

 to 600 feet deep. Water levels in these wells too have de- 

 clined progressively over a period of years due to the con- 

 centration of pumping. The geologic conditions are such 

 that the water in these shallow aquifers has probably not 

 traveled so far from recharge areas as has the water in the 

 "1400-foot" sand. 



El Dorado, Ark. 42 Here about 10 million gallons a day is 

 pumped from a ground-water reservoir replenished at least 

 30 miles away. The water level has dropped more than 170 

 feet since 1921 and is now more than 30 feet below sea level 

 in some wells, but still almost 200 feet above the top of the 

 water-bearing formation. Since 1940 the rate of pumping 

 has more than doubled, and water levels have declined at 

 an accelerated rate. Most of the water has been taken from 

 storage, and water levels will continue to decline until the 

 draft is balanced by inflow from the recharge area. Here, 

 however, there is unusable water in the formations above 

 and below the developed aquifer, and the possibility that 

 some may be drawn in as pumping continues. 



Mill Creek Valley, Ohio. 43 The small Mill Creek Valley, 

 in the Cincinnati metropolitan area, presents the most 

 serious ground-water problem in Ohio and is the more re- 

 markable because all the localities critically short of water 

 are within 10 miles of major watercourses that yield abun- 

 dant supplies to wells by river infiltration. In Mill Creek 

 Valley and the adjoining Norwood trough, pumpage of 

 water for industrial use averaged 21 million gallons a day in 

 1942 and in recent years has been about 17 million gallons 



42 Reference: Baker, R. C, F. A. Hewitt, and G. A. Billingsley, Ground- 



water Resources of the El Dorado Area, Arkansas, Univ. 

 Ark. Bur. of Research, Research Series 14, 1948, 39 pp. 



43 Reference: Bernhagen, R. J., and E. J. Schaefer, Ground-water Conditions 



in Butler and Hamilton Counties, Ohio, 1946, Ohio Water 

 Res. Board Bull. 8, 1947, 35 pp. 



