146 CONSERVATION OF GROUND WATER 



ment of a regional cone of depression necessary to divert 

 water to the pumping wells. Rough computations indicate 

 that about 10 to 15 per cent of all water pumped in the last 

 50 years has been taken from storage. 



The ground-water reservoir tapped by wells in South 

 Bend is recharged chiefly by local precipitation, that is, pre- 

 cipitation in South Bend and an adjacent area that may ex- 

 tend as much as 5 miles from the city limits. Under natural 

 conditions the ground water in this area moved to the St. Jo- 

 seph River. In the eastern part of the city where wells have 

 not materially changed those conditions, ground water is 

 still being discharged to the river at an estimated rate of 16 

 million gallons a day. In the downtown business district and 

 at certain other wells close to the St. Joseph River, pumping 

 has lowered the water levels below minimum river level, 

 and it is possible that significant replenishment occurs by 

 river infiltration. However, the South Bend Dam may have 

 caused accumulation of silt sufficient to reduce the rate of 

 such infiltration, analogous to the condition at Peoria. Hy- 

 drologic studies are needed to determine where conditions 

 may be favorable for river infiltration, with the likelihood 

 that additional ground water could be developed from wells 

 close to the river for South Bend's future needs. Away from 

 the river the largest undeveloped ground-water supplies 

 appear to be in the eastern part of the city, where there is 

 wastage to the river. 



Canton, Ohio, 10 depends upon watercourses of small 

 magnitude. Most of the 67 million gallons a day pumped 

 from wells comes from ground-water reservoirs in buried 

 glacial valleys, some of which are no longer occupied by 

 a perennial stream. For additional supplies to meet in- 



70 References: Schaefer, E. J., G. W. White, and D. W. Van Tuyl, "The 

 Ground-water Resources of the Glacial Deposits in the 

 Vicinity of Canton, Ohio," Ohio Water Res. Board Bull. 

 3, June 1946. 

 Kazmann, R. G., The Utilization of Induced Stream Infiltra- 

 tion and Natural Aquifer Storage at Canton, Ohio, Econ. 

 Geol, vol. 44, pp. 514-524, 1949. 



