FIGURES (Continued) 



Page 



44. Cross section, south jetty, Galveston, Texas 179 



45. Galveston jetty with asphalt seal 180 



46. Lining ditch with prefabricated asphalt panels 181 



47 . Typical ingot structures 205 



48. Plot of Charpy V-notch test on a low carbon steel 219 



49. Representative Charpy V-notch absorbed energy curves for 



several materials 221 



50. Typical steel sheet-pile profiles 228 



51. Typical steel pile anchorage systems.... 229 



52 . Standard wale designs 229 



53. Typical cross section of a log 232 



54 . The principal axes of wood 234 



55. Tension parallel to grain 236 



56. Compression parallel to grain 237 



57. Compression perpendicular to grain 237 



58. Shear parallel to grain 237 



59. Fiber stress in bending 238 



60. Defects affecting strength of lumber 240 



61. Wakefield sheet piling 244 



62. Teredo or shipworm 247 



63. Typical work of the teredo 247 



64. Live limnoria in their burrows 248 



65. Distribution of limnoria in North America 248 



66. Collapse of wood wharf under railroad gondolas 249 



67. Specimens of wharf timbers damaged by dry rot 251 



68. Preparing cut off piles for coal tar-creosote treatment 262 



69. Typical bolted and pinned wood joints 265 



70. Split rings, spike grids and metal plate connectors 266 



71 . Pile dolphin tied with wire rope 267 



72. Sketch of typical damaged pile and fiberglass form 269 



73. Piles repaired using fiberglass forms and grout 269 



74. Wood bearing piles with P.V.C. wrapping 271 



75. P.V.C. wrapped pile ready for driving 272 



76. Beach protection with "billboard" groins, Ninilchik Harbor, 



Alaska 278 



77. Piles laid on slope to prevent beach erosion, Ninilchik Harbor, 



Alaska 278 



78. Two methods of making fascine mattresses 280 



79. Submerged current control screen made of "wattles" 280 



80 . Examples of wood-formed cribs 281 



81 . Sand fence using brush for filter material 281 



82. Geotextile filters in revetments 285 



83. Two types of double layer fabric forms 300 



84. Double -layer fabric forms being installed 301 



85. Longard tubes being filled with sand for beach nourishment 



project 302 



86. Concrete filled bags of synthetic fiber used for shore 



protection 302 



87 . Oil containment boom made of synthetics 303 



88. Typical uses of molded high density polyethelene 304 



