Wfcr 



NON-AIR -ENTRAINED 

 HIGH WATER-CEMENT RATIO 



AIR-ENTRAINED 

 LOW WATER -CEMENT RATIO 



Figure 17. Test samples subjected to 150 cycles of 

 freezing and thawing. 



increases and the longer it has wet-cured, the rate of absorption of any 

 kind of aggregate can be lowered by reducing the water-cement ratio of the 

 paste and by requiring good curing. 



(c) Recommendations for Durable Structures . Concrete which 

 will be exposed to a combination of moisture and cyclic freezing requires 

 the following: 



(1) Design of the structure to minimize exposure to moisture; 



(2) low water-cement ratio; 



(3) air entrainment; 



(4) suitable materials; 



(5) adequate curing; and 



(6) special attention to construction practices. 



II 



