Table 23. Typical, concrete armor units in use today. 



Name of Unit 



Development of Unit 



Country 



Year 



Accropode 



France 



1978 



Antifer 



Netherlands 



1978 



Cube 1 > 2 



- 



- 



Cube (modified) 1 



United States 



1959 



Dolos 1 



South Africa 



1963 



Handbar 



Australia 



1979 



Hexapod 1 



United States 



1959 



Quadripod 1 



United States 



1959 



Rectangular Block 1 * 2 







Stabit 



England 



1961 



Tetrahedron (perforated) - 1 > 3 



United States 



1959 



Tetrapod 



France 



1950 



Tribar 1 



United States 



1958 



1 The units have been tested, some extensively, at the Waterways 

 Experiment Station (WES) . 



2 Cubes and rectangular blocks are known to have been used in 

 masonry-type breakwaters since early Roman times, and in rubble- 

 mound breakwaters during the last two centuries. The cube was 

 tested at WES as early as 1943. 



3 Solid tetrahedrons are known to have been used in hydraulic works 

 for many years. This unit was tested at WES in 1959. 





Table 24. Concrete armor projects in the 



Jnited States. 



Date 



Location 



Structure 



Armor Unit 



1956 



Crescent City, Calif. 



Breakwater 



25-ton tetrapods 



1957 



Kahului, Hawaii 



Breakwater 



33-ton tetrapods 



1958 



Nawiliwili, Hawaii 



Breakwater 



18-ton tribars 



1958 



Rincon Island, Calif. 



Revetment 



31-ton tetrapods 



1963 



Kahului, Hawaii 



Breakwater 



19- to 50-ton tribars 



1963 



Santa Cruz, Calif. 



Breakwater 



28-ton quadripods 



1963 



Ventura, Calif. 



Jetty 



10. 7- ton tribars 



1971 



Diablo Canyon, Calif. 



Breakwater 



21.5- to 36. 5- ton 

 tribars 



1971 



Humboldt Bay, Calif. 



Jetty 



42- to 43-ton dolosse 



1973 



Crescent City, Calif. 



Breakwater 



40-ton dolosse 



1980 



Cleveland Harbor, Ohio 



Breakwater 



2-ton dolosse 



1982 



Manasquan Inlet, N.J. 



Jetty 



16-ton dolosse 



158 



