130- 







120- 





/ /^-KILLED FINE 

 / f GRAIN NORMALIZED 



110- 



TYPE 304 SS — «^ ^S^ 



/r 1 A* — SEMIKILLED 



100 • 







90- 





/ / L. RIMMED 



80- 

 m 







' 70-^ 



t- 







>_ 60- 



o 



K 



£50- 

 tii 



9%Ni / I \ 

 NNT -w/ / / 





40- 



/ 3-'/ 2 %Ni-*y / I 





30- 





1 M\ -RESIST 



20- 

 10- 

 0- 





/TYPED-2 



J_^— - / / / ^~ GREY CAST IR0N 



^ — / // s 





-400 -300 -200 -100 6 



+ 100 +200 





TEST TEMPERATURE °F 





Figure 49. Representative Charpy V-notch absorbed energy curves 

 for several materials. (Data compiled from 

 International Nickel Company, 1976, and American 

 Society for Metals, 1978). 



mineral composition, stream water may be less corrosive to carbon steel than 

 rainwater. 



(2) 

 penetration, 



Water Penetration Effects. Metals are impervious to water 



(3) Freezing and Thawing . The volume expansion of ice in fine- 

 grained soils, such as very fine sand, silt, or clay, may produce lateral 

 thrusts to sheet-pile structures. Placement of free-draining coarse granular 

 soil above the frostline behind sheet-pile walls should eliminate the possi- 

 bility of lateral thrust from ice or frozen ground. Steel sheet piling can 



221 



