Table 30 from ASTM Standard D25-73 (75), lists size requirements for end 

 bearing piles. 



Table 30. End -bearing piles - specified tip circumferences with 

 minimum butt circumferences (ASTM) . 







Specified 



minimum 



tip circumference 



(mm) 





406 



483 



559 



635 



711 



787 



889 



965 



Length 



































(m) 





Minimum 



circumferences 



0.9 meter 



from butt (mm) 





6.1 



559 



610 



686 



762 



838 



914 



1 016 



1 092 



9.1 



597 



673 



749 



826 



902 



978 



1 080 



1 156 



12.2 



660 



737 



813 



889 



965 



1 041 



1 143 



1 219 



15.2 



724 



800 



876 



953 



1 029 



1 105 



1 206 



1 283 



18.3 



787 



864 



940 



1 016 



1 092 



1 168 



1 270 



1 346 



21.3 



851 



927 



1 003 



1 080 



1 156 



1 232 



1 334 



1 410 



24.4 



914 



991 



1 067 



1 143 



1 219 



1 295 



1 397 



1 473 



27.4 



980 



1 057 



1 133 



1 209 



1 285 



1 361 



1 463 



1 537 



30.5 



1 041 



1 118 



1 194 



1 270 



1 346 



1 422 



1 524 





33.5 



1 107 



1 184 



1 260 



1 336 



1 412 



1 549 







36.6 



1 168 



1 245 



1 321 



1 397 



1 473 









b. Wood Sheet Pile . Wood sheet piles are sometimes used for groins, 

 bulkheads and subterranean cutoff walls in a saltwater environment. Wood 

 used as sheet piling is subject to environmental attack and therefore must 

 be treated with preservatives if it is to have a useful life more than a 

 few months. Wood sheet pile should be beveled at the bottom on one side 

 and one edge to facilitate driving and to cause each succeeding pile to 

 wedge firmly against the adjacent pile. Sheet pile should not be driven 

 more than a meter. If deeper penetration is needed, the area along the 

 line of piles should be excavated before driving so that the piles need be 

 driven only a meter to final tip elevation. There are two types of wood 

 sheet pile in general use. Members are sized according to the loads and 

 conditions to be resisted by the sheeting. 



(1) Tongue and Groove . Tongue and groove sheeting consists of 

 planks milled so that on one edge there is a projecting tongue and on the 

 opposite edge a groove into which the tongue of the adjoining plank is 

 fitted when driven. 



(2) Wakefield Sheet Piling. Wakefield sheet piling is made up of 

 three layers of planks spiked or bolted together to form a sheet pile, so that 

 the middle plank projects beyond the edges of the planks on each side, thus 

 forming a tongue on one edge and a groove on the other (See Fig. 61). 



5. Characteristics of Common Construction Species . 



Woods normally used in the coastal zone are the domestic softwoods 

 generally available in the United States: Douglas fir, southern pine, 



243 



