Salvage bricks may be rejects from the kilns or salvaged from dismantled 

 buildings or structures. They may be a whole brick, a broken brick, or a 

 cluster of bricks still bound by mortar. 



(1) Rubble Structures . Salvaged brick is not desirable for either 

 the armor layer or the underlayer of a breakwater, jetty, groin, or revetment 

 due to its low specific gravity, lack of durability, and lack of esthetic 

 appeal. It also tends to create slip planes. It may be used as core 

 material as long as it is mixed with other materials and satisfies the 

 general design criteria for core stone. 



(2) Crushed Brick . When brick is crushed it may be used as base 

 course material for roads, parking areas, and storage areas in the same 

 manner as crushed stone. It has limited value as bedding material because 

 of the low specific gravity and tendency to reduce to sand and clay sizes. 

 It is of almost no value as a filter material because of lack of durability 

 and a tendency to break down and fill the voids necessary for it to act as 

 a filter material. 



5. Salvaged Ships, Barges, Railroad Cars, Automobile Bodies, Refrigerators, 

 and Others . 



a. General . Because of their size and weight, it is always a temptation 

 to use these no longer functioning objects to achieve "instant structures." 

 In particular, some salvaged ships and barges might provide up to 300 meters 

 (1000 feet) in length for a protective structure. Its weight may be several 

 thousand tons. But there are difficulties involved in placement and perhaps 

 even more difficulty in the task of removing these objects. 



b. Salvaged Ships and Barges . 



(1) Salvaged Ships . Salvaged ships are generally steel hulled, 

 although there may be a few concrete- hulled ships from World War II, and they 

 may be from 15 to 300 meters (50 to 1000 feet) in length. These ships are 

 generally 20 to 50 years old and much of the internal equipment, particularly 

 the heavy engines usually have been removed. The curved cross section of a 

 typical ship's hull plus the partially streamlined bow and stern makes them 

 difficult to place precisely and prevent shifting of position or capsizing. 

 The general concept is to maneuver the ship into a predesignated location, 

 sink it in place and fill it with sand, gravel, or rock to provide stability. 



The steel hull plates of these ships originally vary from 6 to 19 

 millimeters (1/4 to 3/4 inch) in thickness, have already been exposed to 

 20 to 40 years of corrosion, and have a very limited life as a partially 

 sunken ship. The plates can be subjected in shallow water to abrasion by 

 the sand that is constantly in motion and the force of breaking storm waves 

 in shallow water can be considerable. Once the hull opens up the disintegra- 

 tion of the ship can be very rapid and it will soon lose its effectiveness 

 as a protective structure. 



Even as a temporary protective structure if the ship settles too 

 deeply into a sand bottom, rolls over, partially disintegrates, or is no 

 longer floatable, it can be extremely difficult and costly to remove. It 

 is obvious that as the ships disintegrate and are moved by waves or currents 



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