Page 



ANTIFOULING COATINGS 31 



Coatings 31 



Antifouling Sheet Material 32 



Impregnants 32 



Toxic Metal Sheathing 32 



New Antifouling Systems 33 



Recommended Coatings 34 



System and Material Identification Interrelationships .36 



Commercially Available Antifouling Coatings 37 



Recommendations for Development 40 



ANTIFOULING PROTECTION FOR FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTICS 41 



Current Antifouling Coating Systems 41 



Summary of Current State-of-the-Art Coatings 43 



Antifouling Techniques Under Development 43 



Summary 47 



ANTIFOULING CONCRETE 48 



Research to Date 48 



Possible New Methods 49 



Cost Estimates 49 



Summary 52 



MECHANICAL CLEANING 52 



Impact of Plant Design 52 



Diver Versus Submersible 54 



State-of-the-Art Cleaning Equipment. ... 55 



Feasibility of Mechanical Cleaning 63 



Summary 65 



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 65 



DETERIORATION AND CORROSION CONTROL 65 



FOULING CONTROL 65 



RECOMMENDATIONS 66 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 67 



REFERENCES 69 



LIST OF FIGURES 



1 - Electrolyte Macrocell in Reinforced Concrete 



Causing Spalling 5 



2 - Corrosion of Steel in the Marine Environment 11 



3 - Change in Concentration of Oxygen in Seawater with 



Depth 12 



