1. Penetration of concrete by seawater 



2. Lightweight concrete 



3. Rapid analysis of fresh concrete 



4. Encironmental load criteria 



5. Hydrostatic loadings 



6. Design for shear, fatigue, and impact 



7. Prestressing systems 



8. Construction methods and inspection procedures. 



STEELS 



Alloy steels are candidate construction materials for the OTEC cold 

 and warm seawater piping and the power module housing. The marine environ- 

 ment considered for their deployment is the splash and spray zone, surface 

 and near-surface seawater, and depths to 4000 ft. 



A wide range of such steels is available from which designers can 

 select to meet the mechanical and other requirements of a specific instal- 

 lation. An important factor affecting the choice of materials for use in 

 the marine environment is its corrosion characteristics. Corrosion 

 characteristics of various steels have been studied for many years, and 

 results have been published in numerous texts and technical journals. 



Corrosion in the Marine Environment 



Boyd and Finkl° summarized the corrosion characteristics of a variety 

 of carbon and low-alloy steels in the splash and spray zone, surface sea- 

 water, and in the deep ocean. Factors affecting corrosion in seawater are 

 summarized in Table 2.19 when metal structures are exposed to ocean 

 environments, certain types of corrosive attack are common. The most 

 common forms of corrosion of low-alloy steels are: (1) uniform (general), 

 (2) pitting, and (3) galvanic corrosion. Galvanic corrosion and its 

 control are discussed separately in a later section. 



