ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE DREDGING AND BEACH NOURISHMENT 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Page 

 ABSTRACT i 



FOREWORD i 



SECTION 



I INTRODUCTION ' 1 



1. Aims and Objectives 1 



2. Compilation 1 



3. Complexity of the Problem and the Need for Broad-based Knowledge . 2 



4. Value Judgements and Reconciling Conflicts 3 



II SYNOPSIS OF ECOLOGY FOR APPLICATION TO OFFSHORE 

 DREDGING AND BEACH NOURISHMENT 3 



1. Synopsis of Background Ecology 3 



2. Mainstream of Marine Coastal Ecology 4 



3. Bottom Inhabitants and Associated Organisms 6 



4. Other Significant Factors in the Living Environment 7 



5. Ecological Impacts of Offshore Dredging 7 



6. Ecological Effects of Deposition of Fill (Nourishment) on Sand 

 Beaches 11 



III ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 13 



IV RESEARCH NEEDS 15 



1. Short-Term, Specific, Project-Oriented Research 15 



2. Longer Range, More Fundamental Studies 17 



V A GENERAL SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 19 



VI SELECTED ANNOTATIONS 35 



