120 



AMAZONIA AND LA PLATA. 



assimilated to the aborigines by alliances with the Pian goto Indians, through 

 whose kinsmen beyond the mountains they have opened commercial relations 

 with the Dutch of Surinam. 



Alemqiier, on a lateral creek of the Amazons east of Obidos, is increasing in 

 wealth and population, especially by developing the natural resources of the vast 

 savannas of the Campo Grande, which stretch away to the frontiers of Guiana. 



Fig. 42.— Obidos. 

 Scale 1 : 380,000. 



^•. Old Milibary Colony • ' . ^ ' 

 ^>' OBI DOS' ^'^'' ■ '. .\' 



Escama . 



West oF Greenvvlch 55°4.o 



Depths 



0to50 

 Fathoms. 



50 Fathoms 

 aud upwards. 



6 Miles. 



Although sheep and goats have not yet been acclimatised, horned cattle and pigs 

 multiply rapidly on these magnificent grazing grounds. 



San'iarem. — Para. 



Between Manaos and Para the chief place is Santarern, at the mouth of the 

 Tapajoz, which was founded in 1758, but at first made little progress despite the 

 advantages offered by its navigable waters. The port is accessible to vessels of 

 the heaviest tonnage by taking advantage of the tides and the trade winds, which 

 prevail almost uninterruptedly for six months in the year. From the Atlantic 

 to Santarem the river and its estuary are disposed nearly in a straight line, so 

 that sailing vessels are able to ascend by running before the wind on a single tack. 



Steam navigation has further increased the commercial advantages of San- 

 tarem ; but on the Tapajoz all river craft are still arrested by the cataracts above 



