TOCANTINS BASIN. 



127 



Both as regards the direction of its valley and its volume the Araguaya 

 would appear to be the more important of the twin streams. It rises farther 

 south than the Tocantins, descending under the natoe of the Piio Grande from 

 the Serra Cayapo, near the sources of some of the headwaters of the Paraguay. 

 Swollen by the Rio Claro and other considerable affluents, it is already a navigable 



45. — Routes of Explorées ix the Amazon's and Tocantins Basins. 

 Scale 1 : 35,000,000. 



1,220 Miles. 



Maranon; Humboldt (1S02). 



Pastaza: Maldonado (1743) ; Me Godin (1769). 



Coca-Napo: Gonzalo Pizarro (1.540); Texeiia (1637); 

 Fritz. (16S6); Villavicencio (1858). 



Huallaga : Maw (1827); Herndon (1852). 



Ucayali ; Castelnau (1846) ; Gibbou (1852). 



Javary; Black and Hoonholtz (1874). 



Putumayo-Iça : Juan de Sosa (1609) ; Reyes (1874) ; Sim- 

 sou (1876) ; Crevaux (1878). 



Junia: Chandless (1867). 



Caqueta-Japura : Spix and Martiu.s (1820); Silva Cou- 

 tinho (1884); Crevaux (1878). 



Purus: Urbano (1860) ; Chandless (1861) ; Labre (18S7) ; 

 Ehrenreich (1889). 



Rio Negro-Uaupes-Branoo: Santos (1770); Humboldt 

 (1800); Spix and Martiusi 1820) ; de Bauve (1833); 



R. Schomburgk (183S) ; Wallace (1811); Stradelli 

 (1881) ; C()udreau(1885). 



Madeira ; Palheta (1723) ; d' Orbigny (1826-1833); Castel- 

 nau (1845) ; KeUer-Leuzinger(1867) ; Selfridge (1878). 



Trombetas: Barbosa Rodrigues (1867) ; Coudreau (18S4). 



Tiipnjoz: Langsdorfl (1827) ; Castelnau (1844) ; Chandless 

 (1862) ; Barbosa Rodrigues (1872). 



Paru: Crevaux (1878-79). 



Xingu : Adalbert of Prussia (1842) ; Von den Steinen 

 11884-1887). 



Jary: Crevaux (1878-79). 



Amazons: Orellana (1540) ; Texeira(1637) ; Fritz (1690) ; 

 Condamine (1744) ; Spix and Martius (1820) ; Mcnt- 

 ravel (1846) ; Azevedo (1862) ; Agassiz, Hartt (18651. 



Tocantins : Castelnau (1844) ; Couto (le Magalhaes (1884) ; 

 Hassler (1886) ; Ehrenreich (1888). 



Stream before receiving from the west its largest tributary, tlie Rio das Mortes, 

 called Ptoncador in its upper course. 



Above the confluence the Araguaya ramifies into two branches, which again 

 unite much farther down, thus enclosino: the elongated Bananal Island, which has 

 a superficial area estimated at 8,000 square miles. 



This island of " banana groves," which is no less than 250 miles long from south 

 to north, appears to be an alluvial lacustrine bed, perfectly level throughout and 

 in the north still strewn with mar.shes. It is even said to be occupied by an 



