PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE PAEANA STATES. 



203 



In S. Paulo, as in Rio de Janeiro, the Serra Mantiqueira still runs parallel 

 with the Serra do Mar, but nowhere presents any great elevations. Beyond 

 Itatiaya it falls over 3,000 feet, although north of Pindamonhangaba the vast 

 plateau of Campos do Jordào is dominated by crests and peaks ranging from 

 5,000 to 6,000 feet. In the Moro do Lopo, on the borders of Minas Geraes, the 

 chain, here 5,450 feet high, broadens out, and throws off numerous spurs in the 



Fiff. 84. — Group of Araucarias - State of S. Paui.o. 



direction of the north. The heights near Poços de Caldas (5,200 feet ?) are of 

 the same formation as Itatiaya — granites and gneiss associated with phonoliths 

 and tufPas giving evidence of former volcanic eruptions. 



North of the capital the Serra Mantiqueira takes the name of Cantareira, and 

 beyond the pass where it is crossed by the northern railway it becomes the Sierra 

 de Jaragua from a conspicuous peak 3,600 feet high. Beyond the broad and 

 deep valley of the Hio Tieté it merges on one side in the inland plateaux, on the 



