218 



AMAZONIA AND LA PLATA. 



bathing establishments and groups of villas, stands on a rivulet fed by four 

 sulphurous springs. The district is reached from the stations of Campinas and 

 Blogy Mlriin, on a branch line belonging to the S. Paulo railway system. 



Ubemba, natural centre of the Triatxjulo Mineiro, " Mining Triangle," that is, 

 the western section of Minas between the Paranahyba and Pio Grande headwaters 

 of the Parana, lies on the Campos north of the E,io Grande, and is at present the 

 most important place in the Brazilian Far West. Founded in 1807 in the midst 

 of the Cayapo Indians, it has already become a busy trading centre, forwarding to 



Fig. 91.— S. JoAO DEL Rey and Vaezea do Maeçal. 

 Scale 1 : 80,000. 



2,200 Yards. 



Goyas and Matto Grosso the goods brought up by rail from the coast, and ex- 

 porting in return livestock and agricultural produce. Westwards the railway is 

 to be continued through the flourishing town of Frndal to the Maribondo Falls, 

 at the head of the navigation on the Rio Grande. The Cruzeiro do Sul, 

 " Southern Star," largest diamond of the New World, was found in 1854 near 

 Bagagem, in the gravels of a brook flowing to the Paranahyba. 



In the Parahyba valley, traversed by the trunk-line between Pio de Janeiro 

 and S. Paulo, are situated several important places, such as Caçapava, Tauhaté, 

 Findamonhangaha, Guaratingueta, Lorcna, and Cruzeiro. Taubaté, the old 



