220 



AMAZONIA AND LA PLATA. 



the watershed at an altitude of about 2,020 feet. 3Iog>/ das Cruzes, capital of 

 the district, has been chosen as the cross junction of another line, which, like that 

 of Taubate, will also share in the heavy traffic at present monopolised by the 

 Santos line. From Mogy das Cruzes the new route will ascend the Tieté valley, 

 and after crossing the Serra do Mar will descend to the port of S. Sebasfido, 

 facing the island of like name. This perfectly sheltered basin, with depths of 

 10 to 15 fathoms within half a cable's length of the shore, might easily accom- 



Fig. 93.— Ubattjba Haebottr. 

 Scale 1 : IfiO.OOO. 



West oF Ureenwich 



tol6 

 Feet. 



Depths. 



16 to 32 

 Feet. 



32 Feet 

 and upwards. 



3 Miles. 



modate all the commercial navy of Brazil ; but for lack of communications it 

 has hitherto been little frequented. 



Towns of the State of S. Paulo. 



S. Paulo, capital of the most commercial and industrious State in the republic, 

 dates from 1560, when the Jesuits established themselves on the high bluff 

 washed by the Rio Tamanduatehy, now occupying the heart of the city. After 

 filling the triangular space, limited east by this river and west by the Saracuro, 

 the rising settlement covered the steep slopes hitherto separating it from the 

 outer quarters, which began to spring up in all directions. It already occupies 

 a space of at least 10 square miles, and is connected by a superb viaduct with a 



