336 AMAZONIA AND LA PLATA. 



these countries is his perfect indifPerence to the sufferings of the brute creation ; 

 his comparative disregard of human life is, with such a training, not unintelli- 

 gible." * 



Rivera, at the source of the Cufiapiru, one of the chief affluents of the Rio 

 Neo-ro, forms almost a single town with the neighbouring Santa Anna de Livra- 

 mento on the Brazilian side. For a time Rivera was a great centre of the gold 

 industry, and considerable quantities appear to have been collected in the 

 Cufiapiru and surrounding valleys. Yet a French company had to cease opera- 

 tions after losing millions of money in this " Eldorado." 



DURAZNO Coi.ONIA — SaN JoSE. 



Burazno, on the River Yi, midway between Tacuaronho (formerly Sna Fnic- 

 tuoso) and Monte Video, has been transformed from a military colony to an agri- 

 cultural market. Some Indians, expelled by the Brazilian settlers in the territory 

 of the missions, were settled at Durazno in 1828, but instead of allowing them to 

 cultivate their land in peace, the authorities enrolled them as soldiers, and all 

 perished in the civil wars. Soriano, near the head of the Uruguay estuar}^, dates 

 from the year 1624, and here is still seen the chapel built by Bernardo de Guzman 

 for the Ghana Indians, who had appealed to the Spaniards for protection against 

 the Charruas. No trace remains of another station which was founded by 

 Sebastian Cabot, a few miles farther down, near the present village of San Salcador. 



Farther down follow Higitcritas {Nueva Pahuini) and Carmelo {Las Vacas) at a 

 point on the estuary where it narrows from six miles to little over one mile, forming 

 an excellent harbour about the Parana confluence. At the extremity of a 

 headland below the island of Martin Garcia, stands the famous station of CoJonia 

 del Sacramento,, o-p-posite Buenos Ayres. Soon after its foundation in 1679, Colonia, 

 which has the best anchorage in the Plate estuary below Higueritas, was seized 

 by the Portuguese Manoel Lobo, and by him for a time transformed to a nest of 

 smugglers. On the banks of the neighbouring little Rio Martin Chico, the illus- 

 trious navigator Solis was killed by the Charruas. 



San José, on the river of like name, north-west of Monte Video, was founded at 

 the end of the eighteenth century by some settlers from the north of Spain. 

 During the war with Brazil (1825), the Republicans had made it their capital, and 

 since then it has shared in all the local troubles. Nevertheless, it has steadilj^ 

 prospered, like the neighbouring Florida on the Arroyo Pintado, which is spanned 

 b}^ a fine viaduct on the northern railway. The village of Ititzaingo on the Rio 

 Santa Lucia in the same district, recalls the decisive victory of the Argentines 

 over the Brazilians in 1827. 



Monte Video. 



Monte Video, capital of Uruguay, dates only from the early part of the 

 eighteenth century, when Zabala, Governor of Buenos Ayres, founded it as a 



• Rumbold, p. 153. 



